WW2 – OverSimplified (Part 1) (YouTube Video Transcript)

(00:00:00) Your YouTube transcript will appear here (00:00:00) this video was made possible by (00:00:02) Skillshare churchill was a man with many (00:00:05) talents he was an artist a butterfly (00:00:07) enthusiast and he had an unpublished (00:00:09) manuscript about aliens clearly he was a (00:00:12) man with an insatiable thirst for (00:00:13) knowledge maybe he could have loaded up (00:00:15) his computer and logged onto the (00:00:17) Skillshare an online learning community (00:00:19) with more than 19 thousand classes in (00:00:21) design business technology and more (00:00:23) perhaps he was considering a side career (00:00:25) in fashion but didn't know where to (00:00:26) start on Skillshare he would find (00:00:28) courses in fashion design and garment (00:00:30) construction or if you wanted to learn (00:00:32) app design improve his photography or (00:00:34) just how to make a really good (00:00:35) quesadilla he would have found courses (00:00:37) for all of these and more on Skillshare (00:00:39) Skillshare gives you access to (00:00:40) high-quality classes taught by genuine (00:00:42) experts working in their field I work (00:00:44) heavily with animation and I was (00:00:46) genuinely blown away by the number of (00:00:47) really useful courses available to me (00:00:49) like this class full of tips and tricks (00:00:51) for creating vector art or this one for (00:00:53) creating character walk cycles for an (00:00:55) annual subscription Skillshare is under (00:00:57) $10 a month and if you'd like to try it (00:00:59) out first then I've got a deal just for (00:01:01) oversimplified viewers the first 1,000 (00:01:03) people to use this link which can be (00:01:05) found in the description will get their (00:01:07) first two months of Skillshare for just (00:01:09) 99 cents be sure to try it out using the (00:01:11) link in the description and learn (00:01:13) something new today now without further (00:01:15) ado it's 1902 a young man by the name of (00:01:21) Benito Mussolini was from Italy to (00:01:22) Switzerland to avoid military service he (00:01:25) gets big into socialism working for (00:01:26) trade unions writing for socialist (00:01:28) newspapers advocating a violent (00:01:29) overthrow of European monarchies the (00:01:31) whole shebang this gets him in a bit of (00:01:32) trouble with the Swiss police so he gets (00:01:34) arrested sent back to Italy set free (00:01:36) returns to Switzerland is arrested again (00:01:38) goes back to Italy again completes his (00:01:40) military service after previously (00:01:42) avoiding it and then after a brief stint (00:01:43) as an elementary school teacher he (00:01:45) finally returns to work as an avid (00:01:47) socialist his speeches and journalistic (00:01:49) abilities made him famous among Italian (00:01:51) socialists he was anti-war so in Italy (00:01:53) colonized Libya in 1910 he rioted and (00:01:55) got arrested then World War one came (00:01:57) along and once again he protested (00:01:59) Italy's involvement but then he thought (00:02:00) wait a minute this war could bring about (00:02:02) the social climate needed to overthrow (00:02:03) European monarchies and bring about the (00:02:05) socialist revolution everyone in (00:02:07) he was pro-war but his fellow socialists (00:02:09) didn't like his new pro-war stance so (00:02:11) they kicked him out of the party so then (00:02:12) he said you know what I'm done with (00:02:14) socialism we need something new not (00:02:16) based on class divisions tearing us (00:02:17) apart but based on unity through (00:02:19) nationality will conquer the (00:02:21) Mediterranean and reunite all Italian (00:02:22) peoples just like the days of the Roman (00:02:24) Empire I'll call it fat she smoked and (00:02:26) it will guide the Italian nation to (00:02:27) greatness that's all well and good mr. (00:02:29) Mussolini but what kind of haircut am I (00:02:31) giving you let's go with (00:02:33) bold Italy had been on the winners side (00:02:50) in World War one and they hope they're (00:02:52) going to get a lot out of it but in the (00:02:53) end they only got a little and they felt (00:02:55) cheated on top of that a bad economy and (00:02:57) weak government's meant that the Italian (00:02:58) people were a little unhappy so when (00:03:00) Mussolini came along said that he could (00:03:02) fix everything his fascist movement (00:03:03) gained a lot of support in 1922 he went (00:03:06) to the king and said make me Prime (00:03:07) Minister or I'll make me prime minister (00:03:09) and the King said you and what army this (00:03:11) army (00:03:13) fair enough then he went about (00:03:14) establishing a dictatorship with himself (00:03:16) at its centre Europe had its first (00:03:18) fascist dictator next up Germany Germany (00:03:21) had been on the losers side and they got (00:03:23) absolutely wrecked by the Treaty of (00:03:25) Versailles they lost territory had to (00:03:27) demilitarize the Rhineland had to reduce (00:03:28) their army to just one hundred thousand (00:03:30) men couldn't have an Air Force had to (00:03:32) pay the Allies a huge amount of money (00:03:33) that it didn't have and a new rule was (00:03:35) established that every Englishman (00:03:36) withheld the right to walk into the (00:03:37) center of Berlin pick out any German (00:03:39) they wanted and spanked the hell out of (00:03:41) them I made that last one up but it (00:03:42) helps you understand how all this felt (00:03:44) to Germans on top of that a bad economy (00:03:46) and weak governments meant that when a (00:03:47) small angry man with a silly mustache (00:03:49) came along and said that he could fix (00:03:50) everything the German people loved him (00:03:52) Hitler had been a soldier during World (00:03:54) War one and he was crazy patriotic and (00:03:56) nobody was madder than him about (00:03:57) Germany's humiliation he helped start a (00:03:59) new political party and in 1923 (00:04:01) attempted a march on Munich with his (00:04:03) boys and then he got arrested but his (00:04:05) popularity grew and grew and in 1933 the (00:04:08) president made him Chancellor he (00:04:09) believed he was Germany's great destined (00:04:11) Savior and he went full megalomania (00:04:13) establishing a dictatorship with himself (00:04:15) at its centre Europe had fascist (00:04:17) dictator number two Hitler and Mussolini (00:04:19) had a lot of the same ideas but more (00:04:21) importantly they had the same enemies (00:04:23) and he started to get along anyone else (00:04:24) want to be friends (00:04:25) Frank oh no you good I do who's that (00:04:29) it's Japan and they've taken over (00:04:30) northern China let's rewind a bit Japan (00:04:34) had isolated itself from the rest of the (00:04:36) world for over 200 years until the (00:04:37) Americans showed up and said you're (00:04:39) gonna trade with us and you're gonna (00:04:40) like it (00:04:40) then the Western powers imposed a bunch (00:04:42) of unequal treaties meaning Japan's (00:04:44) economy was bust they also had no (00:04:46) natural resources so they decided to go (00:04:48) get some they went to war with China to (00:04:49) gain a sphere of influence over Korea (00:04:51) and they took a bunch of Chinese stuff (00:04:52) but then the West said hey cut that out (00:04:54) and since Japan couldn't take on the (00:04:56) West they said okay I guess we'll just (00:04:58) go home wait a minute what are you doing (00:05:00) taking advantage of a week in China and (00:05:01) setting up spheres of influence but I (00:05:03) was the one who weakened them we know (00:05:04) and you guys didn't let me have anything (00:05:06) we know that seems unfair we don't think (00:05:09) so (00:05:10) okay see ya so Japan thought screw this (00:05:13) and went to war with Russia and stunned (00:05:15) everyone by actually winning then they (00:05:16) fully annexed Korea but they didn't stop (00:05:18) there in World War one they took (00:05:19) Germany's colonies and islands in Asia (00:05:21) and then in an incident that was maybe (00:05:23) States by the Japanese army a bomb blew (00:05:25) up the Japanese train in Manchuria (00:05:26) giving them an excuse to launch an (00:05:28) invasion and take over so here's a (00:05:30) situation Nazi Germany fascist Italy and (00:05:32) Japan all believe they're racially (00:05:34) superior all feel hostility towards the (00:05:36) Allies and all want to militarize and (00:05:38) take over more stuff and so they did (00:05:40) let's start with Germany Hitler hated (00:05:42) the Treaty of Versailles and now he was (00:05:43) ready to begin on doing it in complete (00:05:45) violation of the treaty the first (00:05:47) Luftwaffe squadrons were set up (00:05:48) conscription was introduced and he (00:05:50) pimped up his army the Allies did (00:05:51) nothing then Hitler sent his army back (00:05:53) into the demilitarized Rhineland giving (00:05:55) orders to immediately retreat if the (00:05:56) Allies showed up the Allies did nothing (00:05:58) with his military restraint and he could (00:06:00) now move on to step 2 (00:06:01) he wanted to rapidly increase the Aryan (00:06:03) population and to do so he needed (00:06:05) Lebensraum or in other words he would (00:06:07) have to take over the world but for now (00:06:08) a good portion of Europe would do and he (00:06:10) began eyeing up his neighbors the Allies (00:06:11) finally started to get worried so they (00:06:13) implemented a fairly useless diplomatic (00:06:15) strategy called appeasement and it went (00:06:16) a little something like this (00:06:18) Hitler would say I want that thing and (00:06:19) the Allies would say you can't have that (00:06:21) thing okay you can have that thing but (00:06:23) no more I want that thing and repeat in (00:06:26) 1938 Hitler's army marched into Austria (00:06:28) and just took it with no resistance boom (00:06:31) this is Germany now next he demanded to (00:06:33) be given the Sudetenland an area of (00:06:35) Czechoslovakia with many ethnic Germans (00:06:37) the Allies held a meeting with Hitler in (00:06:38) Munich and said look we're going to give (00:06:39) you what hang on this meeting is about (00:06:41) my territory shouldn't I come to the (00:06:43) meeting too (00:06:45) anyway we're gonna give you what you (00:06:46) want really yeah just like that yep (00:06:50) what's the catch just sign this piece of (00:06:52) paper promising you won't invade the (00:06:53) rest of Czechoslovakia (00:06:54) okay then Chamberlain returned home (00:06:57) victorious waving a signed piece of (00:06:58) paper in the air declaring crisis to be (00:07:00) averted and the continuation World Peace (00:07:01) and we built a statue of Chamberlain in (00:07:03) his honor and every day on the 30th of (00:07:04) September we celebrate Chamberlain (00:07:06) theatres invading the rest of (00:07:07) Czechoslovakia what he's invading the (00:07:09) rest of Czechoslovakia oh you lied to me (00:07:13) what do you expect I'm Hitler not to be (00:07:16) outdone Mussolini also wanted to get in (00:07:18) on the action he thought to himself (00:07:19) isn't there a not yet colonized nation (00:07:21) somewhere which is so underdeveloped (00:07:22) that the people would be defending (00:07:23) themselves against our tanks with (00:07:25) literal bows and arrows and wind spears (00:07:26) oh there is fantastic and so he took it (00:07:31) Italy also wanted to control the (00:07:32) entrance to the Adriatic Sea (00:07:34) so they occupied Albania then in another (00:07:36) incident which was maybe staged by the (00:07:38) Japanese gunfire was exchanged by (00:07:40) Japanese and Chinese troops at the Marco (00:07:42) Polo Bridge and the Japanese launched (00:07:44) yet another invasion against China they (00:07:46) swept through Beijing and Shanghai and (00:07:47) then advanced to the Yangtze Valley to (00:07:48) China's then capital Nanking it was here (00:07:51) that saw the worst of Japan's shocking (00:07:53) atrocities committed against the Chinese (00:07:55) people (00:07:56) back in Europe Germany and Italy made (00:07:59) their relationship status official by (00:08:00) signing the pact of Steel then Hitler (00:08:02) turned his eyes towards Poland and the (00:08:04) hated polish Court or splitting Germany (00:08:06) and - at this point the Allies really (00:08:07) had to put their foot down and they (00:08:09) warned him that an invasion of Poland (00:08:10) would mean war Hitler had planned to (00:08:12) continue his advance eastward but he (00:08:14) didn't want to end up fighting a war on (00:08:15) two fronts so for now he made an (00:08:16) alliance with Stalin saying how about we (00:08:18) both invade Poland and split it between (00:08:19) the two of us and I definitely won't not (00:08:21) refrain from not betraying you sometime (00:08:23) in the future (00:08:25) sounds (00:08:27) could this newline stunned the West on (00:08:30) the 1st of September 1939 German troops (00:08:33) entered Poland and Britain and France (00:08:34) declared war on Germany (00:08:38) the pols fought hard but they were no (00:08:40) match for the two giants crashing down (00:08:41) on them from either side then came a (00:08:43) period known as the phoney war where (00:08:45) everyone just sort of sat around not (00:08:46) doing much the French had launched a (00:08:48) small invasion into the Saarland they (00:08:50) maintained mostly defensive positions (00:08:51) and after a while decided to just turn (00:08:53) around and call it a day (00:08:54) speaking of France the French were still (00:08:56) super proud of their victory in World (00:08:57) War one and they hadn't really moved on (00:08:59) from it (00:09:00) they still use forces they dispatched (00:09:01) messages by motorbike instead of using (00:09:03) radio orders from the commander-in-chief (00:09:04) were usually pretty vague and the troops (00:09:06) were rarely inspected they built a line (00:09:09) of Defense's along their German border (00:09:10) but didn't bother extending it all the (00:09:12) way to the channel and they wouldn't (00:09:13) launch artillery strikes against Germany (00:09:14) out of fear of being retaliated against (00:09:16) in a war they didn't want to attack the (00:09:19) enemy and at first the UK wasn't much (00:09:21) better (00:09:21) Chamberlain still naively hoped that the (00:09:23) war could be ended diplomatically (00:09:24) instead of bombing raids the RAF dropped (00:09:26) propaganda leaflets over German cities (00:09:28) which one Air Marshal said likely did (00:09:29) nothing but provide the continent with (00:09:31) toilet paper for the duration of the war (00:09:33) they also only sent two hundred thousand (00:09:34) men to France while the French had (00:09:36) mobilized millions both Britain and (00:09:37) France wanted to avoid a repeat of the (00:09:39) first world war and so they wanted to (00:09:40) keep the war as far from home as (00:09:42) possible so they turned their eyes in (00:09:44) north towards Norway neutral Sweden was (00:09:46) exporting iron ore to Germany through (00:09:48) neutral Norway so the Allies asked them (00:09:49) if they could please stop exporting iron (00:09:51) ore to Germany but this request was (00:09:52) refused then the Soviet Union attacked (00:09:54) Finland so the ally said how about we (00:09:57) land troops in Norway and move them (00:09:58) across Sweden to go help out your good (00:09:59) pal Finland and along the way maybe take (00:10:01) control of all your armed fields but (00:10:02) Norway and Sweden still said no so if (00:10:04) you came mined the waters around Norway (00:10:05) to force any transport ships into (00:10:06) international waters and they also (00:10:08) attacked the German tanker they found in (00:10:09) the area Hitler realized what the Allies (00:10:11) were up to and he quickly moved to (00:10:12) secure his supply of iron ore he (00:10:14) launched an invasion through Denmark (00:10:15) into Norway the Allies rushed to land (00:10:17) troops at keyboards along the coast but (00:10:18) Germany had taken control of Noyes (00:10:20) airfield and their air superiority (00:10:21) decided the fight (00:10:23) the Allies had to retreat after the (00:10:25) slightly embarrassing failure (00:10:26) Chamberlain resigned and was replaced (00:10:28) with Winston Churchill who had a (00:10:29) slightly different approach to dealing (00:10:31) with the Germans Hitler's overall (00:10:32) strategy was similar to Germany's first (00:10:34) world war strategy attack France defeat (00:10:36) France knocking out the UK in the (00:10:38) process then turn on the Soviet Union (00:10:39) and win the war during the phoney war (00:10:41) the Allies had given Hitler timed (00:10:43) his forces now he was ready to attack (00:10:45) the Allies had wanted to place troops in (00:10:47) Belgium but Belgium had refused and then (00:10:49) a move that surprised pretty much no one (00:10:50) even launched an invasion to get around (00:10:52) Frances defenses the Allies charged into (00:10:54) Belgium at full speed to meet the German (00:10:55) invasion head-on and it looked like a (00:10:57) repeat of the first world war was coming (00:10:58) but this time Hitler had a trick up his (00:11:00) sleeve blitzkrieg as the Germans (00:11:02) advanced they sent thousands of refugees (00:11:04) westward slowing down the Allies then to (00:11:06) the south the French had left the our (00:11:07) den an area full of hills and forests (00:11:10) pretty under defended because they (00:11:11) thought it was naturally impenetrable (00:11:12) well the Germans were about to penetrate (00:11:14) it with everything they had they smashed (00:11:16) 50 Vermont divisions through and (00:11:17) encircled the Allied armies at lightning (00:11:19) speed the best of the Allied forces were (00:11:21) now trapped (00:11:22) the Germans squeezed in from all sides (00:11:23) taking out Frances best armies and (00:11:25) nearly wiping out the British - but they (00:11:27) managed to make a desperate last-minute (00:11:28) escape at Dunkirk with British civilian (00:11:30) ships even making the perilous journey (00:11:32) to bring their young men home with most (00:11:34) of the French forces depleted the (00:11:35) Germans breezed through taking Paris and (00:11:38) France fell what the Germans couldn't do (00:11:40) in World War one Hitler had done just (00:11:41) like that (00:11:42) Hitler hoped that with the fall of (00:11:44) France the UK would also lose hope and (00:11:46) sue for peace but quite annoyingly (00:11:47) it didn't and he needed to secure the (00:11:49) Western Front so he tried to force them (00:11:51) into submission with mindgames UK were (00:11:53) now all alone and Hitler wanted to (00:11:55) emphasize that first of all just before (00:11:57) France fell Italy finally declared war (00:11:59) on the Allies making the UK situation (00:12:01) even worse next instead of just (00:12:03) occupying all of France Hillier occupied (00:12:04) the coastal areas for defense but (00:12:06) allowed France to continue its existence (00:12:07) as a German puppet state this way it (00:12:10) looked like the UK's old Ally had (00:12:11) decided to switch sides Hitler also (00:12:13) hoped that the UK wouldn't attack any (00:12:14) for old Ally's Navy bases or colonies in (00:12:16) Africa giving Hitler an extra line of (00:12:18) defense to the south but the UK made (00:12:19) sure to respond to this by sailing down (00:12:21) to Frances Navy base in Algeria and (00:12:23) wrecking a bunch of ships so have at it (00:12:25) Hitler then began laying down plans for (00:12:27) an invasion of Great Britain before (00:12:28) German troops could land on British soil (00:12:30) he would first need air and naval (00:12:31) superiority across the channel waves of (00:12:33) German bombers came while the completely (00:12:35) outnumbered Aria Ford gravely (00:12:36) around-the-clock in an attempt to quell (00:12:38) the German attacks at first the (00:12:40) Luftwaffe targeted British ports and (00:12:41) coastal facilities then it attacked RAF (00:12:43) bases crippling the RAF stability to (00:12:45) defend the nation and it looked like (00:12:46) Hitler's great British Invasion was (00:12:48) coming but then Churchill ordered a (00:12:50) small pretty and significant bombing (00:12:51) raid over Berlin it didn't do much (00:12:52) damage but Hitler was furious and he (00:12:54) immediately ordered the Luftwaffe (00:12:56) to refocus its attacks on civilian (00:12:58) targets in London children were sent off (00:12:59) to the countryside away from their (00:13:01) parents to avoid danger and frequent (00:13:02) trips to air-raid shelters became a (00:13:04) daily occurrence but British morale held (00:13:06) firm smiling knitting lounging casually (00:13:08) these people have balls of steel this (00:13:10) refocusing on London also gave the RAF (00:13:12) breathing space to reorganize so Hitler (00:13:13) kind of shot himself in the foot there (00:13:16) just the foot for now finally the (00:13:18) Luftwaffe sent one massive all-out (00:13:20) attack on London and the RAF (00:13:21) successfully repelled it destroying many (00:13:23) of the German aircraft and placing air (00:13:25) superiority firmly in British hands (00:13:26) Hitler's invasion had to be postponed (00:13:28) but the bombing of British cities (00:13:29) continued for some time (00:13:32) [Music] (00:13:41) you