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Annie Jacobsen – Nuclear Armageddon in 2024 | SRS #120 (YouTube Video Transcript)

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Title: Annie Jacobsen – Nuclear Armageddon in 2024 | SRS #120
Duration: 03:49:58
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(00:00:00) Your YouTube transcript will appear here (00:00:00) [Music] (00:00:05) Annie Jacobson welcome to the show it's (00:00:09) delightful to be here thank you for (00:00:10) having me I have been looking forward to (00:00:12) this for so long we had to postpone it (00:00:16) cuz you went and spoke at the EU (00:00:19) Parliament I spoke in Brussels to (00:00:21) members of the EU part parliament in the (00:00:24) audience yes well I think uh it was well (00:00:27) worth the wait and um actually I think (00:00:29) it worked out better you know that we (00:00:31) rescheduled for later because now we (00:00:33) have more to talk about we do we have no (00:00:35) shortage of things to talk about yeah we (00:00:37) could we could probably go on for days (00:00:39) here but um but everybody starts off (00:00:42) with an introduction (00:00:44) so let me know if I'm missing anything (00:00:49) but Annie Jacobson American (00:00:52) investigative journalist pullit surprise (00:00:55) finalist and New York Times best-selling (00:00:57) author you're an author of seven books (00:00:59) and best known for your book so far Area (00:01:02) 51 in uncensored history of America's (00:01:05) top secret military base you just (00:01:08) released your seventh book called (00:01:10) nuclear war a scenario WR and produces (00:01:14) television programs including Tom clany (00:01:16) Jack Ryan your books have been named (00:01:19) best of the year and most anticipated by (00:01:22) Outlets including the Washington Post (00:01:24) USA Today Boston Globe Vanity Fair apple (00:01:27) and Amazon your Princeton graduate and (00:01:31) captain of the women's Varsity ice (00:01:33) hockey team as we spoke about earlier (00:01:36) and your wife and the mother of two (00:01:39) sons yes am I missing anything that's (00:01:42) that's about it well we got a lot to (00:01:45) dive into I want to focus mostly on your (00:01:48) new book nuclear war but (00:01:51) um we have we got to knock a couple (00:01:54) things out before we get in the weeds so (00:01:56) I have a patreon account they're our top (00:01:58) supporters they've been with us since (00:02:00) the (00:02:01) beginning I wouldn't be here if it (00:02:03) wasn't for them and neither would you (00:02:06) and uh so one of the perks that I offer (00:02:09) them as they get to ask a question uh to (00:02:13) each guest and so today's question is (00:02:17) with today's attitude towards fake news (00:02:20) do you think we will ever gain public (00:02:22) knowledge of the topics covered by your (00:02:26) books what a great opener question um (00:02:30) I think of the idea of fake news as air (00:02:35) quotes entwined with the idea of (00:02:38) strategic (00:02:39) deception and that is something I have (00:02:42) written about in many of my books no (00:02:44) doubt we will cover this but an (00:02:46) interesting question there because what (00:02:49) I the takeaway that I see is like how (00:02:51) much should we trust what we are being (00:02:54) told and that is certainly why I write (00:02:57) books is to sort of uncover the these (00:03:01) LGH held secrets and bring them into the (00:03:05) light of day and so to answer the (00:03:07) question specifically I think you want (00:03:10) to go to as many sources as possible (00:03:12) it's why I read all sides of the aisle I (00:03:16) will read International papers I will (00:03:19) watch different programs that people (00:03:22) might otherwise think are in opposition (00:03:25) of one another read things on the (00:03:27) internet listen to the podcast and then (00:03:30) come to your own opinion about things (00:03:33) because that's that's interesting well (00:03:35) one how much should we trust I would (00:03:38) love to talk to you about that but you (00:03:40) know I try to do that and I try to read (00:03:43) both sides of the L do you get a lot of (00:03:44) flak for (00:03:46) that I used to but I don't anymore (00:03:50) because I think that's very much part of (00:03:52) my reporting style I no one knows how I (00:03:56) vote no one needs to know how I vote um (00:04:00) I write about podus in all of my books (00:04:04) president of the United States and so (00:04:08) that keeps me in the middle and it also (00:04:10) allows me to have incredible (00:04:13) conversations with all kinds of people (00:04:15) and that I think keeps me comfortable (00:04:19) with what I'm learning because I'm (00:04:20) learning how to make my own judgments (00:04:22) about things and I think America is (00:04:24) getting Savvy to that as well man that's (00:04:27) great to hear because (00:04:30) I do that I think people probably know (00:04:32) which way I vote but I don't I don't (00:04:35) like to make it a point of any of my (00:04:37) discussions I don't I like to hear both (00:04:41) sides and sometimes when I'm especially (00:04:43) when I'm critical to my own side man I (00:04:46) really get a lot of flack but you know I (00:04:49) think that's part of the problem that (00:04:50) we're facing in the country right now is (00:04:53) people have become and I've talked about (00:04:55) this several times I think people have (00:04:56) become (00:05:01) they're not tied to their own ideas (00:05:03) values and beliefs anymore they're tied (00:05:06) to their political candidate and party (00:05:12) and you know when you do that you're (00:05:15) only getting what that side wants you to (00:05:18) hear whether you like it or not you know (00:05:21) and so it's just it's refreshing to hear (00:05:25) somebody (00:05:26) that that listens or pays attention to (00:05:30) both sides and and gives a you know a (00:05:35) bipartisan take on on whatever you're (00:05:38) reporting on so thank you for doing that (00:05:40) well also what comes to mind is there's (00:05:42) people talk a lot about tribalism right (00:05:44) like and there's tribe and then there's (00:05:47) tribal you want to have a tribe you want (00:05:49) to have people that you know have your (00:05:52) back and usually those people the the (00:05:56) tribe the true tribe right they actually (00:05:59) are perfectly fine with you having (00:06:01) opinions at least this is my take my (00:06:03) tribe is oh Annie with her opinion about (00:06:06) that or Annie with her interest in that (00:06:09) they're fine with it you know they might (00:06:11) not like that or do that or think that (00:06:14) but that's the tribe tribalism is like (00:06:18) that's where I think it becomes a little (00:06:19) bit dangerous and fraught because then (00:06:22) you're supposed to adopt really a party (00:06:26) line you have to have an opinion about (00:06:28) this BEC and that that just puts you in (00:06:31) a really awkward position because I (00:06:32) think naturally we're all such creatures (00:06:36) of (00:06:37) multiple you know multiple ideas and (00:06:41) multiple ways in directions in which we (00:06:43) want to head and it doesn't have they (00:06:45) don't have to be mutually exclusive yeah (00:06:48) yeah you know it's it's (00:06:51) it's weird times we're in right well (00:06:55) there are weird times but you know I am (00:06:57) a historian also and so all of my books (00:07:01) cover you know going back National (00:07:04) Security issues to World War II and (00:07:08) we've always we if we're talking about (00:07:10) Americans have always been tribal have (00:07:13) always had weird times so I'm not as (00:07:16) pessimistic about how terrible the times (00:07:18) are right now because I've read so much (00:07:21) history about how terrible the times (00:07:23) have always been yeah it's kind of how (00:07:25) you want to see it do you find it do you (00:07:27) find times today different than some of (00:07:29) the stuff that you've studied in the (00:07:31) past I I am well one thing about me is (00:07:35) I'm always looking for the (00:07:39) similarities and then understanding the (00:07:41) differences but I find thing I'm a I'm (00:07:44) an optimist at heart even though I write (00:07:46) about these incredibly dark Grim topics (00:07:50) I think that like I'm a pragmatist right (00:07:52) like know the facts don't be afraid of (00:07:55) them but the optimism of it all comes (00:07:59) from from being able to see certainly as (00:08:04) I get older um and I and I write more (00:08:06) books and I learn more things and I (00:08:07) interview more interesting people oh we (00:08:11) are more (00:08:13) similar than different both as people (00:08:16) and (00:08:17) also culturally through his like through (00:08:20) the different decades and generations of (00:08:23) modern America (00:08:26) interesting how much you brought up how (00:08:28) much should we trust M how much how do (00:08:32) we even know what to trust (00:08:34) anymore well I look at things (00:08:36) specifically head-on so I'm uh it would (00:08:40) be I would be better to your (00:08:43) listeners and my readers to deal with (00:08:46) like specifics than big generalizations (00:08:50) I can certainly make big generalizations (00:08:51) but what I think about war and weapons (00:08:53) and US National Security and secrets (00:08:56) because that is what I write about but (00:08:58) in terms of operation (00:09:01) um the specificity is important it's (00:09:03) like wait is Area 51 really that were (00:09:06) the Nazi scientists really that uh is (00:09:09) the DARPA program about biohybrids (00:09:11) really that you know I can speak to them (00:09:14) specifically because I think that again (00:09:17) I'm going to give you the information (00:09:19) that I know and then people can decide (00:09:21) what they think because the (00:09:23) takeaway is incredibly can want me to (00:09:26) give you an example yes please so this (00:09:28) is the best example I can think of a (00:09:30) point of view when I wrote a book called (00:09:32) Operation Paperclip which is about the (00:09:35) Nazi scientist who came to (00:09:37) America for to build our weapons (00:09:40) programs after World War II so they were (00:09:43) former Nazis MH um and this book (00:09:47) published in 2013 2014 back in a time (00:09:51) when a journalist like me could actually (00:09:54) appear on Fox News and CNN on the same (00:09:58) night you almost can't do that anymore (00:10:00) yeah right they just don't the Royal (00:10:02) they don't let you but you could then (00:10:05) and I would go on to the let's just call (00:10:08) them the conservative and the liberal (00:10:09) right so I'd go onto a conservative (00:10:11) organizations's media program and they (00:10:14) would (00:10:15) say oh my God Annie Jacobson thank you (00:10:18) so much for writing Operation Paperclip (00:10:20) I mean you showed us that these guys (00:10:23) were these terrible Nazis they were (00:10:25) odious etc etc but man did we need them (00:10:30) to come to the United States or (00:10:31) otherwise we'd all be speaking Russian (00:10:33) now so thank you for writing this book (00:10:36) okay then I would go over to the really (00:10:38) liberal stations maybe even the (00:10:41) Holocaust Museum type scenarios and they (00:10:44) would say to me oh my God Annie Jacobson (00:10:47) thank you so much for writing this book (00:10:49) Operation Paperclip you showed us in no (00:10:51) uncertain terms these horrible evil (00:10:56) Criminal Minds should have been hung at (00:10:58) nurburg they never should have come here (00:11:01) you make that so clear thank you so much (00:11:03) for writing this book (00:11:06) interesting you take away they read the (00:11:09) same (00:11:10) book they're they took (00:11:13) away the a point of view based on the (00:11:17) same set of facts and so when I can (00:11:20) understand that about people and there's (00:11:23) no I suppose one group isn't right and (00:11:26) one group isn't wrong and when you can (00:11:28) look at it like that (00:11:30) and maybe this also comes into play of (00:11:32) you being we talked about this earlier (00:11:33) like when you're a new parent versus my (00:11:37) kids are college aged right the wisdom (00:11:40) that comes with parenting I believe if (00:11:43) you want to be an (00:11:44) optimist is that you learn how to help (00:11:48) your children understand that different (00:11:51) points of view are fine same sets of (00:11:55) facts that's great advice that's great (00:11:58) advice parent to parent yeah thank you (00:12:01) thank you but um we want to talk about (00:12:05) actually I forgot something I almost (00:12:07) sometimes I forget not very often but (00:12:09) everybody everybody starts off with a (00:12:13) gift okay there you (00:12:17) go performing Vig enhancing gummy bear (00:12:21) gummy bears they're not performance (00:12:23) there are legal in all 50 states amazing (00:12:26) they're definitely legal in California (00:12:28) so you're you're cleared hot to bring (00:12:31) them back it's just G amazing the TSA (00:12:33) will not you know pull me over they (00:12:35) might try to steal them but uh they' be (00:12:37) like wow that's sha Ryan that's right (00:12:39) that's right great fantastic you're (00:12:42) amazing keep going no is it oh no that's (00:12:46) good oh no this this is very important (00:12:48) some stickers yeah put it on my car (00:12:51) there there you go with my Mammoth (00:12:54) Mountain sticker nice and the Sha Ryan (00:12:56) Show there you go there you go I have (00:12:59) had a macv SOG sticker on my car for a (00:13:01) while did you really I did and it I got (00:13:04) some Hogs yeah that's a I've never even (00:13:07) seen a Mac v a Mac uh I'm going to send (00:13:09) you one thank you so much and here's (00:13:12) here's something for (00:13:13) you oh man that's a that's a billy W (00:13:17) coin and um we'll get I'm sure we'll get (00:13:20) into surprise kill vanish after nuclear (00:13:22) war but they kind of entwine all my (00:13:24) books in twine but Billy was perhaps the (00:13:27) most legendary (00:13:30) CIA operator (00:13:34) Singleton in the agency's history began (00:13:37) his operations when Eisenhower was (00:13:39) President that's incredible thank you (00:13:41) just died yeah he just died when did he (00:13:45) die he died April a year ago oh man so (00:13:49) yeah so a year exact almost wow well (00:13:52) thank you very much I can't wait to (00:13:55) speak about him in a little bit but um (00:13:59) nuclear war MH so your new book is about (00:14:03) a nuclear war (00:14:05) scenario and you know you talk to all (00:14:10) these I mean you get access to people (00:14:12) that nobody really gets access to I read (00:14:15) that Leon Panetta how are you getting (00:14:18) access to former SEF former director of (00:14:23) CIA um and all the rest of his resume (00:14:26) which I'm not I I could I could go on (00:14:28) here but (00:14:30) people don't get access to figures like (00:14:33) that how are you gaining access to (00:14:36) former (00:14:37) directors what's the saying the harder I (00:14:40) work the luckier I get there's that part (00:14:43) of it uh this is not my first rodeo so (00:14:47) seven books I do find that when I reach (00:14:52) out to people to ask them if I can (00:14:55) interview them and (00:14:56) I you know say my creds some sometimes (00:14:59) they say oh I'm familiar with your work (00:15:02) I've read and they name a book okay so (00:15:05) that helps um but I think in principle (00:15:10) the (00:15:11) greatest (00:15:13) contribution that I can put on the table (00:15:16) and it's perhaps why some of these (00:15:18) really you know significant people and (00:15:22) when I say that like they have a lot of (00:15:24) information to share that is powerful (00:15:27) and that the public benefits from (00:15:29) knowing (00:15:30) like Panetta um it's that objectivity (00:15:34) card that I have which I believe is so (00:15:36) important I'm trained as an old school (00:15:38) journalist you are here to report the (00:15:40) news down the middle of the aisle you (00:15:42) should not have an opinion okay when you (00:15:44) write long form books maybe at the end (00:15:47) you kind of give your opinion a little (00:15:48) bit or you might suggest it so that (00:15:50) there's something to think about for the (00:15:52) reader but for the most part tell the (00:15:55) you know relay the facts I mean the (00:15:57) origins of Journalism come from the idea (00:16:00) that anyone a high school student should (00:16:03) be able to understand what you're (00:16:05) writing about mhm and I that's how I (00:16:07) write you know I write for the regular (00:16:11) old people I know I'm read by the (00:16:13) generals and Admirals at the Pentagon (00:16:15) because they tell me so but I just write (00:16:17) for regular (00:16:20) people you know I've seen a lot during (00:16:22) my time as a Navy SEAL and a CIA (00:16:25) contractor and I've learned even more (00:16:27) hosting this show the one thing I can (00:16:29) tell you for sure is that it pays to be (00:16:32) prepared right now with our national (00:16:34) debt surging to unfathomable levels (00:16:36) Global tension rising in the corruption (00:16:39) in Washington ask yourself are you (00:16:41) prepared financially me I'm buying gold (00:16:45) and silver so I'm not caught off guard (00:16:47) by the next recession or global conflict (00:16:50) and I've teamed up with one of the top (00:16:52) gold Ira companies gold C to make that (00:16:54) happen so I want you to go to shaikes (00:16:57) gold.com or call 855 936 gold you'll get (00:17:02) a free 2024 wealth protection kit from (00:17:05) gold Co plus you may qualify for up to (00:17:07) 10,000 in bonus silver while supplies (00:17:10) last so go to shaikes gold.com or call (00:17:17) 8559361820 (00:17:19) gold or visit shaikes gold.com (00:17:23) performance 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and what does that (00:19:11) scenario look like and and keep in mind (00:19:15) nuclear war a scenario is a nonfiction (00:19:20) book it presents a hypothetical (00:19:22) situation in the future that is based on (00:19:24) fact so the 5 billion figure for example (00:19:27) is not my fact that is a fact from (00:19:30) Professor Brian tun and a group of (00:19:33) scientists that he led reporting on this (00:19:36) subject for decades in their newest (00:19:39) paper for nature magazine uh nature food (00:19:42) actually based on climate modeling (00:19:45) systems of what would happen after (00:19:46) nuclear winter and so the book takes you (00:19:49) from nuclear launch to nuclear winter oh (00:19:52) God five billion people are dead after (00:19:54) nuclear winter but a key haunting (00:19:59) line that was said to me that really (00:20:01) allowed me to see the book clearly (00:20:04) because when you're you know writing (00:20:05) books as a process you're reporting (00:20:07) you're interviewing people you're (00:20:09) figuring out how your chapters are going (00:20:11) to lay out when I did an interview with (00:20:14) the former stratcom (00:20:17) Commander General keler and we were (00:20:20) discussing what a nuclear exchange (00:20:22) between Russia and America would look (00:20:23) like and he said to me the world could (00:20:26) end in the next couple of hours what is (00:20:29) stratcon okay great question and how (00:20:33) great that we don't need to know (00:20:34) everything that's how right um strategic (00:20:38) command is the most important combatant (00:20:41) command you know combatant commands (00:20:43) they're what 11 now (00:20:45) right um it's the most important (00:20:48) combatant command that almost nobody has (00:20:51) ever heard of outside of strategic (00:20:54) command outside of the military (00:20:56) structure it is the command commander of (00:20:59) strategic command is in charge of the (00:21:01) nukes he's in charge of them he's the (00:21:05) steward of them there's 150,000 (00:21:09) employees beneath him in his chain of (00:21:11) command the president when the president (00:21:14) needs to launch nuclear weapons he (00:21:17) communicates with the stratcom commander (00:21:19) that's how important the stratcom (00:21:21) commander is no good and you got access (00:21:24) to him I did and you guys had a (00:21:26) discussion about this we did how did (00:21:28) that (00:21:31) start you know dear General keer I mean (00:21:35) the actual discussion oh the actual (00:21:38) discussion with (00:21:41) his Origins like very much it's what I (00:21:44) relate to about your podcast like his (00:21:46) Origins like how did you wind up the (00:21:49) commander of stratcom right and like he (00:21:52) wanted to (00:21:53) be uh a (00:21:56) musician you know so it's like there's (00:21:59) this idea that you wind up stratcom (00:22:02) commander and then you begin with (00:22:05) people's origin stories and how and and (00:22:08) how they are as a person and you know I (00:22:11) recall him telling me about how he was (00:22:13) tending his garden before our interview (00:22:17) now this is not all in the book because (00:22:19) unlike a podcast I interview people for (00:22:22) a certain amount of time and then I kind (00:22:23) of condense down what is I'm going to (00:22:27) say about them because I'm driving The (00:22:29) Narrative for the reader mhm but the um (00:22:34) discussions I think begin (00:22:37) with human questions and then you can (00:22:40) get (00:22:41) to uh what's important and what you're (00:22:44) after and and and also like you I'm I'm (00:22:46) very transparent about what I'm after (00:22:49) right so I I do not like the idea of (00:22:51) gotcha journalism I think it is (00:22:54) incredibly unhelpful I think it's at the (00:22:58) verge of dangerous whenever I read a (00:23:00) piece in the in any of the Legacy Media (00:23:04) that like sort of is a hit piece against (00:23:06) someone I cringe I think of that person (00:23:11) you know opening up themselves to a (00:23:14) reporter um and then being you know (00:23:19) presented in a way that perhaps they (00:23:21) certainly didn't intend yeah I think (00:23:24) that is I cringe and I and I actually (00:23:27) feel for the journalist who stuck doing (00:23:29) that you know because I think that it (00:23:31) just takes you down uh a real a real (00:23:35) path of mistrust and sub suspicion (00:23:37) anyways I'm digressing I tell my sources (00:23:40) right up front what I'm doing I told (00:23:41) every single one of them I am writing (00:23:43) this book called nuclear war a scenario (00:23:45) you know and I also asked them is this (00:23:48) fear mongering because that was the the (00:23:51) question in my own mind that led a lot (00:23:54) of the reporting Sean what happens in (00:23:57) this book is like everybody dies and (00:23:59) they die in the most horrific ways I (00:24:01) describe to you in appalling detail what (00:24:04) happens to humans you know in a nuclear (00:24:07) flash I wanted people to know how (00:24:11) horrific this concept is and I told my (00:24:13) sources that and they were forthcoming (00:24:17) with me which says so much about nuclear (00:24:20) weapons interesting what how did I mean (00:24:24) where did the interest in this come from (00:24:26) are you worried about a nuclear war I am (00:24:29) now um I (00:24:32) mean all of my books touch upon nuclear (00:24:36) weapons because they (00:24:38) all cover American history since World (00:24:43) War II and in every one of my books so (00:24:48) imagine a 100 plus sources for each (00:24:51) book how many of those people told (00:24:55) me with deep Pride Annie I did what I (00:25:00) did to prevent nuclear World War III (00:25:04) right so a lot of our really dark dirty (00:25:07) oper even the cia's most dastardly sort (00:25:11) of dark-hearted operations you could say (00:25:14) in the 50s and 60s people I interviewed (00:25:16) who worked on those or the very (00:25:19) non-kinetic operations like in Area 51 (00:25:21) which deals with reconnaissance missions (00:25:23) you know spying on the Soviet Union to (00:25:25) try and find out what's really going on (00:25:28) there instead of speculating all of (00:25:30) these people a majority of them said to (00:25:32) me I did what I did to prevent nuclear (00:25:35) World War II and so in the previous (00:25:39) administration former president Trump (00:25:41) with the rhetoric about you know fire (00:25:44) and fury and against the North Korean (00:25:45) leader I found that like shocking and (00:25:48) rather (00:25:49) unpresidential right because there had (00:25:51) been a precedent not to threaten people (00:25:53) with nuclear weapons it's dangerous it (00:25:55) really is that's not an opinion that's a (00:25:58) fact (00:26:01) um I like many people began to wonder (00:26:05) what if deterrence failed deterrent just (00:26:07) another synonym for (00:26:10) prevention what if it fails because all (00:26:13) of nuclear war fighting deterrence is (00:26:16) predicated on this psychological (00:26:18) phenomena you who are so interested in (00:26:20) the mind right it is a psychological (00:26:23) phenomena deterrence will hold (00:26:26) deterrence will hold deterrence will (00:26:28) hold old then you have a quote from a (00:26:32) deputy director at stratcom saying if (00:26:34) deterrence fails it all (00:26:40) unravels that unraveling is this book (00:26:43) well it must be a very realistic (00:26:46) scenario if you're (00:26:48) speaking how do I say this (00:26:51) to you're speaking in Brussels and there (00:26:54) happen to be members of the EU (00:26:56) Parliament listening so let's go over (00:26:59) the scenario what do you think would (00:27:01) trigger (00:27:02) this a nuclear war could be triggered by (00:27:06) any nuclear launch at the United States (00:27:10) period right so there are now nine (00:27:12) nuclear armed nations in my scenario I (00:27:15) chose a rogue launch from a ballistic (00:27:19) missile an intercontinental ballistic (00:27:22) missile just like it sounds it can (00:27:25) travel from one continent to the other (00:27:28) that's (00:27:29) ICBM um in 30 minutes launch to Target (00:27:35) 30 minutes that's the farthest Target 30 (00:27:39) minutes 33 minutes is actually from (00:27:40) Pyongyang 26 minutes and 40 seconds from (00:27:44) Moscow to to uh the East Coast this is (00:27:47) specificity it doesn't change all the (00:27:50) new weapon systems that doesn't change (00:27:52) that is what it was when they were (00:27:53) invented this is just basic physics it (00:27:55) goes you know up and over the Earth and (00:27:59) down okay and so then once you know that (00:28:04) wait that's all it takes this is not a (00:28:06) 911 scenario where you know someone (00:28:09) Whispers in the president's ears sir the (00:28:12) planes have hit the buildings it's not (00:28:14) that if you're me reporting this (00:28:17) suddenly you learn that the United (00:28:20) States has not only spent trillions of (00:28:22) dollars creating this vast arsenal of (00:28:23) nuclear weapons but defense systems to (00:28:26) un you know to survey other nations so (00:28:28) we have a system of satellites in space (00:28:31) in geosync one/ tenth of the way to the (00:28:34) Moon a satellite the size of a school (00:28:38) bus (00:28:39) parked over North Korea watching (00:28:43) watching watching watching so when (00:28:45) launch happens we see it in under one (00:28:50) second that's why my scenario goes by (00:28:53) seconds and (00:28:55) minutes it's 72 minutes this book wow (00:29:00) three acts 72 minutes 24 minutes 24 (00:29:03) minutes 24 minutes then you got the (00:29:06) setup at the beginning and nuclear (00:29:07) winter at the end interesting real quick (00:29:10) before so here's what I'd like to do is (00:29:12) dive into the scenario and then talk (00:29:15) about some of the defenses that we have (00:29:17) MH talk about what maybe you weren't (00:29:21) maybe your sources weren't able to tell (00:29:23) you you know I'd like to go maybe a (00:29:26) little more into the scenario but (00:29:29) real quick who are the nine (00:29:32) Nations us (00:29:35) Russia (00:29:37) China UK (00:29:40) France Pakistan (00:29:43) India Israel North (00:29:46) Korea Iran's not on there yet Iran is (00:29:49) not on there yet right on good for us (00:29:52) but who would you out of those Nations (00:29:54) who would you be the most concerned (00:29:56) about give me your top three North Korea (00:29:59) North Korea North Korea and that's how I (00:30:01) begin the scenario it's a launch from (00:30:03) North Korea (00:30:05) um one of the most interesting people I (00:30:08) interviewed for this book okay th this (00:30:11) on the cover here is a thermonuclear (00:30:14) bomb called Ivy Mike this is the first (00:30:17) thermonuclear bomb ever exploded in 1952 (00:30:21) in the Marshall Islands was a test okay (00:30:24) Hiroshima was 15 kilotons (00:30:28) this is (00:30:30) 10.4 (00:30:32) megatons wow okay think about that scale (00:30:36) this weapon takes a nuclear an atomic (00:30:39) bomb acts as its triggering mechanism (00:30:41) inside the (00:30:43) bomb okay I interviewed the man who drew (00:30:48) the plans for this bomb no kidding 93 (00:30:52) now Richard (00:30:54) Garwin talk about classified his (00:30:57) information was so classified it was all (00:31:00) no one knew he even drew the plans to (00:31:02) the bomb he was 24 years old when he (00:31:03) drew them are you (00:31:05) serious does he regret drawing him I (00:31:09) asked him that (00:31:10) question I (00:31:12) said do you wish that you hadn't drawn (00:31:16) the plans for the thermonuclear bomb and (00:31:18) he said to me after a long (00:31:20) pause I wish they couldn't have been (00:31:26) drawn wow and I mean we could do a whole (00:31:29) podcast on what that might mean yeah (00:31:32) right does it mean Russia would have (00:31:34) drawn them anyways does it means right (00:31:38) but interviewing (00:31:40) Garwin who advised every president since (00:31:43) then on nuclear (00:31:45) weapons you asked about why North Korea (00:31:48) is like the most (00:31:50) dangerous (00:31:52) Garwin so sharp and you know in his we (00:31:55) did all these zooms during covid (00:31:58) um and he presented when I asked him (00:32:03) what's the what's the biggest threat he (00:32:06) said a Madman sort of Mad King logic is (00:32:09) what he called it a mad man with a (00:32:11) nuclear (00:32:13) Arsenal and he said this French term (00:32:16) which is (00:32:19) called after me the (00:32:23) flood okay right which is like if you (00:32:28) have have a Mad King (00:32:30) leader um who doesn't care what happens (00:32:35) you know let the let it all flood that's (00:32:38) what Garwin told me he was most afraid (00:32:40) of and so that made me interpret that he (00:32:43) was speaking about North Korea wow (00:32:46) because North Korea does not play by the (00:32:48) rules I mean it's very tricky we could (00:32:50) you know rules of nuclear warfare rules (00:32:52) of nuclear testing we all armed nuclear (00:32:56) armed Nations (00:32:59) inform their (00:33:01) adversaries of their nuclear tests like (00:33:05) informally formally through you know (00:33:07) different ways but not North (00:33:10) Korea they they just (00:33:13) launch and when you learn what I have (00:33:15) learned and you can learn in from (00:33:17) reading this book what happens inside (00:33:20) nuclear command and control inside those (00:33:22) nuclear bunkers at the Pentagon beneath (00:33:25) stratcom in Cheyenne Mountain the first (00:33:27) 100 50 seconds after a ballistic missile (00:33:30) launches when the satellite in space (00:33:32) sees the launch it sees the hot rocket (00:33:35) exhaust from its incredible sensor (00:33:37) 1/10th of the weight of the moon sees it (00:33:40) for the next 150 (00:33:42) seconds US nuclear command and control (00:33:45) all those assigned to the job are trying (00:33:46) to figure out where that ballistic (00:33:48) missile is (00:33:51) going it's (00:33:55) like I'm glad you brought that up cuz (00:33:57) that's what I was going to ask so the (00:33:58) satellites Advanced enough to know to to (00:34:01) pick up on the trajectory and where it's (00:34:04) headed and how fast so in seconds the (00:34:09) data goes to the satellite and then it's (00:34:12) relayed to command centers in the United (00:34:16) States there's a facility called the (00:34:19) Aerospace data facility in Colorado that (00:34:22) was only declass its existence was only (00:34:24) Declassified in 2008 okay (00:34:28) and that (00:34:30) facility then and others NSA you know (00:34:34) there's a numerous intelligence agencies (00:34:37) Military Intelligence agencies that are (00:34:39) then processing that data this is (00:34:40) happening in seconds and interpreting (00:34:43) the trajectory of the missile launch so (00:34:46) I show a map in the book that Garwin (00:34:48) from the and uh professor ameritus at (00:34:51) MIT Ted postal Drew and then let me you (00:34:55) know render and put in the book that (00:34:57) shows so you can see a missile launching (00:34:59) it's a map and then it shows the missile (00:35:02) and it shows their Centric Rings it's (00:35:04) like at 10 seconds this is where it (00:35:07) might be going at 20 so Guam is in One (00:35:10) Direction Moscow is in that direction (00:35:12) and then you realize if it's going in (00:35:14) that direction San Francisco East Coast (00:35:18) Hawaii okay so as the seconds tick away (00:35:22) the data is determining where that is (00:35:25) headed so this is almost like a it's (00:35:28) like one of hurricanes inbound except a (00:35:31) lot faster it just Narrows in Narrows in (00:35:34) Narrows in Narrows (00:35:35) in and and by (00:35:38) 150 (00:35:40) seconds stratcom or you know the (00:35:44) Peterson Air Force Base the space force (00:35:46) the Aerospace data they know this (00:35:49) ballistic missile is headed toward the (00:35:51) United States 150 seconds normally what (00:35:55) North Korea does is send the satellite (00:35:57) it's uh they're sending it up to space (00:35:59) to drop a satellite so that's one (00:36:01) different trajectory or they launch into (00:36:04) the Sea of (00:36:05) Japan so in within seconds the the (00:36:09) facilities know it's going into the Sea (00:36:11) of Japan everybody can relax now but in (00:36:14) my scenario at (00:36:16) 1502 boom Oh my God it's coming to the (00:36:21) east coast of the United States and that (00:36:25) is when everything kicks off because the (00:36:27) next step is to inform the president now (00:36:29) there must be a secondary confirmation (00:36:32) of that nuclear missile on its way to (00:36:34) the United States before the president (00:36:36) launches a (00:36:38) Counterattack that secondary (00:36:40) confirmation takes 8 and 9 Minutes these (00:36:42) are like nerd things that I figured out (00:36:44) in the book and present them to you (00:36:46) hopefully in this incredibly dramatic (00:36:49) manner that you (00:36:50) realize oh my God once a ballistic (00:36:54) missile launch happens nuclear war (00:36:56) begins because a ballistic missile (00:36:59) cannot be redirected or (00:37:03) recalled none of them not even our own (00:37:07) none none and once President Reagan okay (00:37:12) I mean the lack of information the (00:37:15) president has about nuclear war is (00:37:19) astonishing really president ra and by (00:37:23) the way they have presidential so (00:37:25) Authority so only the president can (00:37:27) launch nuclear war (00:37:28) only the president he doesn't ask (00:37:30) permission of anyone not his seaf not (00:37:32) his chairman of the Joint Chiefs of (00:37:34) Staff not the Congress certainly not the (00:37:37) Congress this is all happening in six (00:37:39) minutes president's in charge and (00:37:42) presidents most presidents Leon Panetta (00:37:45) confirmed this with me he was the white (00:37:47) house chief of staff under Clinton right (00:37:49) and he said that many presidents just (00:37:51) don't want to know because that again (00:37:54) the Paradox of nuclear war deterrence (00:37:56) will hold don't want to know what they (00:37:59) don't want to know about nuclear (00:38:03) war that's (00:38:05) frightening So Reagan mistakenly said (00:38:08) during a press conference and I think it (00:38:10) was (00:38:11) 1983 that our submarine launched (00:38:14) ballistic missiles can be recalled they (00:38:17) can't he's the commanderin-chief mhm he (00:38:21) didn't (00:38:22) know do you think it's possible (00:38:26) that technology we have technology to (00:38:29) recall them but they're (00:38:32) noty it's (00:38:35) impossible and but I love the (00:38:37) astonishment with which (00:38:40) people Express themselves when they (00:38:43) learn these details (00:38:45) because it is astonishing and I had that (00:38:49) same experience even knowing what I know (00:38:51) I know so many other things about (00:38:52) nuclear weapons from different points of (00:38:55) view having having written a number of (00:38:58) books that deal with people who dealt (00:38:59) with nuclear weapons but I never knew (00:39:02) the command and control ticking clock (00:39:05) scenario hypothetically in the future (00:39:08) until reporting this book and I was I (00:39:12) was shocked at everything I (00:39:13) learned shocked at everything I learned (00:39:16) and it's such bait from wait a minute (00:39:19) they really can't be redirected or (00:39:20) recalled (00:39:22) nope wow I did not know that I did not (00:39:26) know that so so you're saying within 6 (00:39:30) minutes (00:39:32) of something being launched towards us (00:39:35) we're going to we have right we make a (00:39:37) decision whether we're responding and (00:39:40) sending one at them or not yes so think (00:39:43) about it this way when the nuclear if it (00:39:46) just takes approximately 30 (00:39:49) minutes the concept that has been put (00:39:51) into play over Decades of strategy of (00:39:55) how to fight a nuclear war is is (00:39:59) that the president must make a (00:40:02) Counterattack (00:40:05) decision before those nukes (00:40:08) land so this is all going to happen (00:40:10) without the public ever having any idea (00:40:12) Okay the reason is because no one ever (00:40:15) thought of having a nuclear war where (00:40:17) there's like one nuclear missile the (00:40:20) Rogue launch off of gwin's worry is how (00:40:25) my scenario starts and then you see all (00:40:28) these things go wrong the war fighting (00:40:32) concepts of nuclear war were built with (00:40:34) like Russia's going to send a thousand (00:40:38) missiles the motherload it's often (00:40:41) called and so a strategy kicks in called (00:40:45) use them or lose them very simple to (00:40:48) understand right if we don't use them (00:40:52) we're going to lose them to the Russian (00:40:53) incoming missiles and so that's why the (00:40:57) president (00:40:58) is positioned to make a Counter (00:41:04) Strike within a window of time before (00:41:07) the missiles (00:41:10) hit so basically so they have 6 minutes (00:41:13) why is the number 6 minutes so okay 30 (00:41:17) minutes is the is (00:41:19) the nuclear launch gets detected in (00:41:23) let's say 150 seconds so we got 2 and A2 (00:41:26) minutes gone all radical gone (00:41:27) everybody's now getting ready to prepare (00:41:29) the president at the same time the long (00:41:31) range uh ground radar systems that are (00:41:34) going to give that secondary (00:41:35) confirmation which exist in multiple (00:41:37) places around the world I write about (00:41:39) them quickly in the book in this (00:41:41) scenario if the missiles coming from (00:41:42) North Korea it's going to be the ground (00:41:44) station in Alaska they have this massive (00:41:47) radar of a picture of it in the book (00:41:49) it's like five stories tall it's just (00:41:51) sitting there waiting to see Over the (00:41:54) Horizon that will happen at 8 or n (00:41:56) minutes in the the meantime they have to (00:41:58) get ready to brief the president people (00:42:00) I have interviewed had to brief the (00:42:02) president when we had false alarms okay (00:42:05) so it's like really this (00:42:07) intense you know suddenly everything is (00:42:10) move the decision tree unfolds in this (00:42:12) radical way and while the individual (00:42:16) leaders the stratcom commander the SEF (00:42:18) the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of (00:42:19) stuff are getting ready to brief the (00:42:21) president they're waiting on the (00:42:22) secondary confirmation but once the (00:42:24) president is told so there is a it's (00:42:27) called the red the red clock is running (00:42:29) and that clock in the Strategic command (00:42:32) headquarters has s you know is ticking (00:42:34) down until the missiles going to strike (00:42:36) the in this case Washington DC now they (00:42:39) have to get the blue clock running the (00:42:42) blue clock is the (00:42:44) Counterattack okay so you send general (00:42:48) heighton the former another former (00:42:50) stratcom Commander during the fire and (00:42:52) fury rhetoric of trump did an interview (00:42:56) with Barbara star from CNN and she asked (00:42:58) him directly about this like what do we (00:43:00) do if they launch it us and heighten (00:43:02) said if they launch one missile we (00:43:06) launch one if they launch two we launch (00:43:08) two but if you dig a little bit deeper (00:43:12) as I did and it's all soured in the book (00:43:14) when you're reading you if you ever (00:43:16) wonder how does how does she know this (00:43:18) you can go to the back and you can see (00:43:20) the notes of the documents where it (00:43:21) comes from so the Deep Digger the deeper (00:43:24) digging revealed that if North Korea (00:43:27) launches just one missile at us we're (00:43:28) going to launch (00:43:29) 82 in response 82 82 I (00:43:38) mean seems a little excessive uh you (00:43:42) know it's called escalate to deescalate (00:43:45) when you look at the size of Korea but (00:43:48) um I mean would it take how many how (00:43:51) many missiles would it take to just (00:43:53) completely obliterate Korea 82 it would (00:43:56) take 80 it would actually take 82 mes no (00:43:59) no you're absolutely right but there is (00:44:02) a sense of Overkill literally and (00:44:04) figuratively and you know this from your (00:44:06) operating days that like you know it's (00:44:08) called it's like go big or go home I (00:44:11) mean the idea it's there's a concept (00:44:15) with the president that was explained to (00:44:17) me by one of the President Obama's (00:44:20) National Security advisers named John (00:44:22) wolv Thal who sat in the room with the (00:44:24) president when this was being negotiated (00:44:25) okay so so there's a policy in the (00:44:28) United States called launch on warning (00:44:30) and this exists okay which this is the (00:44:34) this is the idea this is the president (00:44:36) has the authority that if the missiles (00:44:37) are coming he launches MH we launch on (00:44:39) warning we do not wait until we are (00:44:43) hit and wolf stall explained to me that (00:44:47) what that has to do with what's is (00:44:49) what's called a (00:44:50) damage Li damage limitation (00:44:53) responsibility okay everything has like (00:44:56) a a term that is difficult to come out (00:44:59) of the mouth it's why they have acronyms (00:45:01) for them but this is pointing to your a (00:45:04) why do we have to launch 82 questions so (00:45:06) the president now has a responsibility (00:45:09) to limit further damage that's what his (00:45:13) military is telling him so a strike with (00:45:17) a one Megaton thermonuclear weapon (00:45:19) against Washington DC that I describe it (00:45:22) kills 2 million people Sean (00:45:24) mhm that that that never mind that the (00:45:27) things are about to really take off it (00:45:30) destroys the Beating Heart of American (00:45:35) government that is like the response is (00:45:38) 82 nuclear weapons the damage limitation (00:45:42) responsibility because all the military (00:45:45) stratcom is thinking at that point is (00:45:47) you're going to let another nuke come in (00:45:51) and so the (00:45:53) 82 we learn (00:45:55) from the those the scientists and the (00:45:58) analysts who have spent a lot of time (00:45:59) looking at this is how to limit the (00:46:02) damage 82 nuclear weapons could possibly (00:46:05) take out not just like turn the entire (00:46:07) country into a furnace but obliterate (00:46:10) their nuclear command and control their (00:46:12) ability to launch more nuclear weapons (00:46:16) that's why that is set up that way man I (00:46:18) would think 82 nuclear missiles (00:46:22) would I would think the flash alone (00:46:24) would be enough to wipe out the entire (00:46:27) country (00:46:27) it would kill tens of millions of people (00:46:30) not a question but that and and the book (00:46:34) was read after it was written before it (00:46:38) went into production and publication by (00:46:42) many of my sources and by people who (00:46:45) actually were not my sources but who ran (00:46:49) these scenarios for norat generals I'm (00:46:51) talking (00:46:53) about people who were not in the book so (00:46:55) they didn't have a horse in the race (00:46:56) that they could say to me you're wrong (00:46:58) about this this is too and there were (00:46:59) some tweaks that I did but that was not (00:47:02) one of them no one said that's too many (00:47:04) we wouldn't do (00:47:09) that how how many do you have any idea (00:47:11) how many nuclear weapons we have how (00:47:15) many so on ready for launch status (00:47:19) meaning they're forward deployed meaning (00:47:22) they can be launched in seconds (00:47:27) or minutes from the president's order (00:47:30) seconds or (00:47:32) minutes we have (00:47:38) 1,770 the numbers change a little bit (00:47:40) every year Russia has (00:47:46) 1,674 that says nothing about the (00:47:49) thousands more in storage that we have (00:47:52) ready to you know that would could be (00:47:53) pulled out so we have approximately (00:47:55) 5,000 each (00:47:58) why do we need that many nuclear weapons (00:48:00) you must be asking yourself we need that (00:48:02) many because they have that many and (00:48:04) they need that many because we have that (00:48:06) many and guess how guess how guess what (00:48:10) the number was at the all-time high (00:48:12) which was in (00:48:17) 1986 10,000 70,000 (00:48:22) 70,000,000 (00:48:25) wow and so the the setup of the book (00:48:28) it's like 5050 Pages or something it's (00:48:30) like how we got here I (00:48:32) explain how (00:48:36) America sort of had this insane buildup (00:48:40) of nuclear weapons during the 1950s (00:48:42) there was one point in (00:48:44) 1957 this bomb went off in 1952 and the (00:48:48) military-industrial complex just went (00:48:50) baa boom all right at one point we were (00:48:53) building on average five nuclear weapons (00:48:57) a day a (00:49:01) day and then you're building the weapon (00:49:04) that's just the bombs the WarHeads (00:49:06) You're Building weapon systems because (00:49:08) we have a Triad we don't just have the (00:49:10) icbms in the silos in the ground we have (00:49:13) nuclear armed nuclear powerered (00:49:17) submarines outfitted with submarine (00:49:20) launched ballistic (00:49:22) missiles and then we also have the (00:49:24) bombers so we have a Triad (00:49:28) but during the Cold War we had you know (00:49:31) we were shooting tactical nuclear (00:49:32) weapons out of cannons Billy wall was (00:49:35) Halo jumping a hand carried portable (00:49:39) nuclear weapon out of an airplane in (00:49:43) case we needed to use it on the (00:49:44) battlefield how do you I mean I know you (00:49:46) don't like to give your opinion and if (00:49:47) you don't want to that's okay how do you (00:49:49) feel about having like 1 what did you (00:49:52) say 1,16 7 1,770 US 1 77 how do you do (00:49:58) you think we need that I mean that's an (00:50:01) opinion I think that that I own which is (00:50:04) absolutely not I mean look my Lane is as (00:50:09) an investigative journalist relaying you (00:50:12) know reporting the facts doing the (00:50:14) interviews and setting them down on the (00:50:15) record but of course you get to have an (00:50:17) opinion at some point M certainly when (00:50:20) time like times have changed we are back (00:50:23) in the original buildup it was us and (00:50:26) Russia and then China in the early 60s (00:50:29) now there are nine nuclear armed Nations (00:50:32) many of which are in direct conflict (00:50:33) with one another all of the new (00:50:36) technology artificial intelligence you (00:50:38) know this is crazy it's like the United (00:50:42) Nations Secretary (00:50:43) General recently said We Are One (00:50:47) misunderstanding one (00:50:49) miscalculation away from nuclear (00:50:52) Armageddon mhm and he said we must (00:50:55) reverse course and we must so I was in (00:50:59) Brussels talking about my book because (00:51:02) people were interested in it what I (00:51:03) learned is because they said to me and (00:51:05) these are disarmament groups right that (00:51:08) they and they said to me your book (00:51:10) condenses in a really dramatic (00:51:12) terrifying way what we have been trying (00:51:15) to convey to world (00:51:17) leaders um for decades with a lot of (00:51:20) information you (00:51:22) just and what we're trying to convey is (00:51:24) this is (00:51:25) madness so so the progress is that we've (00:51:28) gone from 70,000 nuclear warheads to (00:51:32) there are a total of approximately (00:51:34) 12,500 today amongst the nuclear nine (00:51:37) nuclear armed Nation the disarmament (00:51:40) people will tell you that's 12,500 to (00:51:43) many MH the United Nations recently (00:51:46) created a uh a treaty called I'm going (00:51:49) to mess this up the internation the I (00:51:53) PT NW the international treaty on the (00:51:56) prohibition of nuclear (00:51:58) weapons and their idea is that (00:52:02) gradually Nations should begin to reduce (00:52:06) their arsenals down to zero (00:52:11) gradually and so the opinion I would (00:52:14) have which seems like a responsible (00:52:17) journalist op that sounds like a really (00:52:19) good idea and the word gradual is (00:52:22) important (00:52:24) because Okay so we've been talking about (00:52:27) the horrors of nuclear war but you can (00:52:28) also talk to proponents of (00:52:31) deterrence as I do who will tell you we (00:52:34) must have a nuclear Arsenal because the (00:52:36) bad guys do (00:52:39) mhm that's where I would (00:52:42) fall right and by the way that's the (00:52:47) easier it really is the easier quicker (00:52:51) conclusion I mean I feel (00:52:53) like I it would be great if there were (00:52:56) no nuclear weapons however you know we (00:52:59) don't play nicely with one another right (00:53:02) and so I think the I mean how I'm just (00:53:06) going to go off on a tangent here and (00:53:07) say that the only way look if I were (00:53:10) president (00:53:12) or in charge of this country the only (00:53:15) way I would even (00:53:17) consider eliminating our nuclear weapons (00:53:19) is if we had a defense capability that (00:53:21) was able to eliminate a nuclear any (00:53:24) nuclear weapon on the way here (00:53:27) so well yes the idea is absolutely that (00:53:29) the disarmament idea isn't oh we should (00:53:32) give up all of our nuclear weapons and (00:53:33) then just believe that North Korea and (00:53:36) Russia and China and Iran or you know (00:53:38) Iran doesn't have the weapon yet all of (00:53:39) these other countries will just give up (00:53:41) their capability that would be Madness (00:53:44) but the disarmament that when we went (00:53:46) from 70,000 down to 12,500 Russia (00:53:49) reduced their (00:53:51) Arsenal you know alongside of (00:53:54) us so r did we really reduce did we (00:53:59) really reduce the Arsenal though or have (00:54:01) we developed better Maybe not maybe (00:54:04) better is the wrong word have we (00:54:06) developed more powerful and more (00:54:09) devastating nuclear missiles to where we (00:54:12) don't need 70,000 maybe maybe I'm I'm (00:54:17) pulling numbers out of nowhere right now (00:54:19) but just for example maybe maybe one of (00:54:22) today's nuclear warheads is equivalent (00:54:25) to (00:54:27) a 100 MH back in (00:54:32) 1950s uh except for that's not the way (00:54:35) it is okay which is so interesting (00:54:38) because you and I both know the weapon (00:54:41) systems that are you know the kinetic (00:54:43) weapon systems that are used by the (00:54:46) military in ground Wars or air wars have (00:54:50) been advancing like nobody's business as (00:54:53) technology has been advancing the (00:54:55) nuclear weapons are are essentially the (00:54:59) same there not much has changed we (00:55:02) haven't built any new nuclear weapons (00:55:05) since Clinton was President because he (00:55:08) signed a treaty prohibiting that and (00:55:12) Russia complied so allegedly we do not (00:55:16) build any new nuclear weapons it would (00:55:18) be a massive violation of a treaty all (00:55:20) of our our nuclear weapons are decades (00:55:22) old which is a whole other debate (00:55:24) because now the defense department has (00:55:26) just asked as for I don't I think it's (00:55:28) $900 billion to upgrade the Arsenal (00:55:32) because it is old and the icbms are old (00:55:36) so this is a it's like a you're suddenly (00:55:39) down the rabbit hole and going wait a (00:55:42) minute how did I wind up here but the (00:55:45) number of nuclear (00:55:48) warheads is simply the number of nuclear (00:55:50) warheads what's what's another (00:55:54) Grim consideration is that (00:55:58) dismantling a nuclear warhead is also a (00:56:01) dirty process and there's a plant in (00:56:05) Texas that does this which itself is (00:56:08) like a major Target because it has all (00:56:10) the dismantled plutonium and uranium (00:56:15) course so the eyes can glaze over with (00:56:18) like isn't it just easier to have an (00:56:21) arsenal of nuclear weapons that's on (00:56:23) that's the same size as ours which is (00:56:25) why I point to (00:56:27) the people like I can like the Arms (00:56:30) Control Association who actively work on (00:56:33) these disarmament issues with the United (00:56:37) Nations and the point of a book like (00:56:40) mine is (00:56:43) to make it digestible for the average (00:56:46) person to understand that like this many (00:56:49) nuclear weapons is madness an accident (00:56:53) or a miscalculation could lead to a (00:56:54) nuclear war and it's only going to end (00:56:57) one way almost no one disagrees with (00:56:59) that once nuclear war starts it ends in (00:57:03) Armageddon and I the scenario takes you (00:57:06) through what happens and then the (00:57:08) mistakes that happen because of (00:57:09) Technology (00:57:13) holes what has been upgraded must be the (00:57:15) transportation of the Warhead that has (00:57:18) to have been upgraded by this point no (00:57:21) really I mean a ballistic missile is (00:57:23) okay so here's how a ballistic missile (00:57:25) Works ready cuz this helped me to (00:57:27) understand it shall I give you the like (00:57:28) 30 second version oh let's do it okay (00:57:31) so it happens in you can just imagine it (00:57:34) going from like there over the to that (00:57:37) continent to that continent and there's (00:57:39) a little diagram in the book um by the (00:57:41) way the way I know this is because the (00:57:44) first director of DARPA are you familiar (00:57:48) with DARPA I am (00:57:50) okay darpa's created in 1957-58 I can't (00:57:53) remember what it stands for but (00:57:55) basically DARPA is our Advanced weapons (00:57:58) it's our advanced technology weapons (00:58:00) correct defense Advanced research (00:58:03) projects there we go agency another (00:58:06) mouthful DARPA okay it began in 1957 (00:58:10) after the Russians launched (00:58:12) sputnick uh we got caught by scientific (00:58:15) military surprise that was like a bad (00:58:18) thing herb York becomes its first (00:58:21) science director and he wanted to know (00:58:24) cuz the reason Sputnik was the the (00:58:26) reason Sputnik was so threatening it was (00:58:28) a satellite the Russian satellite the (00:58:31) first one orbiting Earth the reason it (00:58:33) was threatening was because it takes a (00:58:35) rocket to get a satellite into space and (00:58:38) if you can put a rock if you can put a (00:58:39) satellite in space pretty soon you can (00:58:41) put a nuclear warhead on that rocket and (00:58:43) hit the United States that was 1957 (00:58:46) that's where everything changed and so (00:58:49) herb (00:58:50) York um wanted to know in seconds and (00:58:54) minutes how long it took for that ice (00:58:56) CBM to get to the United States so he (00:58:58) hired this really the smartest guys in (00:59:01) the room the Jason scientists about (00:59:03) which there are extraodinary many (00:59:05) conspiracy (00:59:06) theories I interviewed a number of them (00:59:08) including its founder for the DARPA book (00:59:12) so York and I learned this because I (00:59:15) went and looked in the archives at a (00:59:18) library in San (00:59:19) Diego cuz I couldn't get the defense (00:59:21) department to tell me the answer go to (00:59:24) York's papers where a lot of you know if (00:59:26) you go to the scientists papers you find (00:59:28) a lot of (00:59:29) Secrets and sure enough there's this you (00:59:32) know process yor asking the Jason (00:59:35) scientist there's all these incredibly (00:59:37) cool documents about it figure out tell (00:59:39) me how many seconds and minutes it takes (00:59:42) cuz you forget that people don't know (00:59:45) until they know you know you can be the (00:59:47) smartest guy in the room and you don't (00:59:48) know how ballistic missile works until (00:59:51) someone tells you mhm okay so they tell (00:59:54) York here's how it works three three (00:59:56) phases boost phase the rocket ignites (01:00:00) you can imagine that fire missile goes (01:00:03) up 5 (01:00:04) minutes 5 minutes of fire launching the (01:00:08) missile that's when the satellite can (01:00:10) see it the satellite sees the (01:00:14) fire okay then it burns (01:00:17) out then it has a 20 (01:00:20) minute midcourse phase where it's just (01:00:23) moving with the rotation of the Earth (01:00:27) 500 miles above the (01:00:29) Earth and then it has 100 seconds of (01:00:32) terminal phase a good term for it (01:00:36) terminal phase is the last 100 seconds (01:00:38) the Warhead which has been traveling (01:00:40) because everything else Burns away the (01:00:43) nuclear warhead or plural Warheads (01:00:45) because there might be multiple of them (01:00:47) is now going to re-enter the atmosphere (01:00:50) in a 100 seconds and detonate On Target (01:00:54) that's it (01:00:56) that's it it's so simple and once you (01:00:58) understand that certainly for me as a (01:01:00) reporter then you can kind of understand (01:01:03) oh that's how an ICBM work so there's no (01:01:05) upgrading to (01:01:07) do right you can maybe make the rocket (01:01:10) motor more (01:01:12) powerful but that's I guess that's kind (01:01:15) of what I'm getting at I mean we just I (01:01:17) can't remember who developed it but we (01:01:19) just saw the new maybe it was in within (01:01:22) the past year the Hypersonic missile who (01:01:25) do you remember who (01:01:27) it's probably Lo's Falcon program I (01:01:29) thought it was yeah I thought it was (01:01:31) another country but um that's kind of (01:01:33) what I was what I was leaning towards is (01:01:36) you know maybe a little more stealthy (01:01:38) faster less than 30 minutes I don't know (01:01:42) this isn't you know I mean but again (01:01:44) that my job as a reporter is EXA is (01:01:46) exactly to take those (01:01:48) questions demystify them right and (01:01:53) definitely not take the approach of like (01:01:55) you know you don't know which so many so (01:02:00) much of society kind of I think (01:02:02) functions that way and prohibits people (01:02:04) from asking really basic questions yeah (01:02:07) there's no such thing as a dumb question (01:02:09) yeah I okay because then once you know (01:02:11) it you know it but but like Hypersonic (01:02:14) people talk about hyper we have (01:02:15) hypersonics well a Hypersonic goes (01:02:17) approximately mach five okay ballistic (01:02:21) missiles go mock 20 okay okay so the (01:02:24) ballistic missile is such a G it's such (01:02:27) like ending it's such a Doomsday (01:02:30) Machine you can have hypersonics this is (01:02:34) you know this is like Warfare that is (01:02:38) non-nuclear nuclear war is in a case by (01:02:41) itself which is why we're at this (01:02:44) incredibly threatening moment right now (01:02:46) because nuclear war is coming out of the (01:02:50) or nuclear weapons the use of nuclear (01:02:52) weapons is coming out of the mouth of (01:02:54) world leaders (01:02:56) and the nuclear war used to be the Red (01:02:58) Line in the (01:03:01) Sand and yes if someone decides to marry (01:03:04) a nuclear warhead onto a (01:03:07) Hypersonic (01:03:09) missile you know Hypersonic missile will (01:03:11) take an hour where a ICBM will take 30 (01:03:14) minutes but it's mixing as soon as (01:03:17) you're talking about tactical nuclear (01:03:19) weapons it's (01:03:21) just the worst possible scenario because (01:03:25) I know I can tell you from looking at (01:03:27) one of the only Declassified nuclear war (01:03:30) games called proud (01:03:32) profit and I write about it in the book (01:03:34) and I show you what a Declassified look (01:03:37) paper looks (01:03:38) like no matter that war game showed us (01:03:41) two weeks in (01:03:43) 1983 ordered by President Reagan it (01:03:46) showed us that no matter how nuclear war (01:03:49) begins it ends in nuclear (01:03:53) Armageddon everybody in nuclear command (01:03:57) and control knows that everyone knows (01:04:00) that there is no such thing as a limited (01:04:03) nuclear (01:04:06) war that's (01:04:10) terrifying it can sometimes feel like (01:04:14) TMI (01:04:15) right that it's almost (01:04:18) easier to just not (01:04:21) know and also like a lot of the war (01:04:23) fighting Concepts you have on these (01:04:26) walls right which involve humans are so (01:04:30) much easier in a way to think about to (01:04:33) talk about to discuss to wonder about (01:04:37) nuclear weapons are so abstract there's (01:04:40) no battle for Chicago battle for New (01:04:42) York it's (01:04:44) just it's just literally push button (01:04:47) Warfare mhm why do we why do why is that (01:04:53) okay I mean I don't think it's uh (01:04:57) I don't think it's okay I think mean I (01:05:01) personally feel like it's a necessity (01:05:03) that we have to have it (01:05:06) because our adversaries have it unless (01:05:09) we have some type of defense system that (01:05:12) can disarm destroy whatever nuclear (01:05:16) warhead has headed our way before it (01:05:18) reaches destination mhm do we have that (01:05:22) capability so now it gets really (01:05:25) depressing when I tell you about the (01:05:27) interceptor missile capability because (01:05:29) you will hear people say uh oh we we we (01:05:33) have like a Iron Dome you know we read (01:05:36) we both read the news and we saw what (01:05:38) happened when Iran lobbed missiles (01:05:40) including ballistic missiles at Israel (01:05:44) and they were intercepted right those (01:05:46) are short range and medium range (01:05:50) missiles totally different story than (01:05:54) trying to shoot down a long range (01:05:57) ballistic missile also called a (01:05:59) strategic missile that what I told you (01:06:00) about that 30 minute Arc 500 miles up in (01:06:05) space you're trying to shoot that down (01:06:07) that's where Interceptor phase happens (01:06:10) don't we have some sort of space weapon (01:06:13) that could initiate that instead of (01:06:15) shooting up at it we do not we have (01:06:20) 44 (01:06:22) landbased Interceptor missiles 44 (01:06:26) people have asked me like maybe we have (01:06:28) secret a secret arsenal we do not we (01:06:31) have how can you be so (01:06:35) sure you know maybe secretary Panetta is (01:06:38) lying to me he hey I don't think so we (01:06:42) have for I mean we have (01:06:44) 44 Interceptor missiles Russia has (01:06:48) 1,670 on it doesn't even make sense it (01:06:52) doesn't even make sense why we would (01:06:53) only have 44 when the when the (01:06:56) adversary's arsenals are so much bigger (01:06:58) than 44 well it might have to do with (01:07:00) this okay when you can look at the (01:07:02) numbers and the cost of the of the (01:07:04) program which I tell you about the (01:07:06) Interceptor missiles (01:07:08) now the success rate on those (01:07:10) Interceptor missiles of which we have 44 (01:07:13) is between 40 and (01:07:17) 55% the success rate and right now that (01:07:20) program is on strategic pause which is a (01:07:23) euphemism for oh so we could take (01:07:27) 22 if because inside the war scenario (01:07:30) best caseen inside the Warhead is almost (01:07:32) certainly (01:07:33) decoys that are meant to confuse so (01:07:36) here's how the Interceptor system works (01:07:39) it's basically a mini version of that (01:07:41) giant rocket that is the ICBM and it (01:07:45) inside of its nose cone it has the apply (01:07:49) named EXO atmospheric kill vehicle (01:07:53) that's what it's called it's 40 (01:07:58) lb it's not a warhead because it doesn't (01:08:01) have any explosives in it it's just an (01:08:03) object 140lb object that is going so the (01:08:07) the interceptor missile fires up it's (01:08:10) communicating with its ground with its (01:08:12) sensor systems that's guiding it and (01:08:14) it's going to now try and hit the (01:08:18) missile the Warhead moving through midc (01:08:22) phase at 14,000 miles an hour 500 miles (01:08:27) up in (01:08:28) space it's going to try to hit (01:08:33) it that the EXO atmospheric kill vehicle (01:08:37) is going at 20,000 mph the missile (01:08:40) defense agency spokesperson says yes (01:08:44) it's like hitting a bullet with a (01:08:46) bullet wow damn near (01:08:52) impossible and there's no spatial (01:08:54) technology (01:08:57) wow it's illegal to put nuclear weapons (01:09:00) in space as per the treaties as it (01:09:03) should (01:09:06) be and I'm not this's one spoiler alert (01:09:09) I'm not going to give away but um in the (01:09:12) third Act of the book North Korea (01:09:16) unleashes a nuclear warhead it has (01:09:20) flying in space already in space (01:09:22) disguises a (01:09:24) satellite a techn ology that is actually (01:09:27) capable and that North Korea has (01:09:28) expressed intention of having whether it (01:09:31) really has it we don't (01:09:33) know and (01:09:35) that unleashes a new kind of Mayhem I'm (01:09:39) going to make you read the book to learn (01:09:40) about but just when you thought it was (01:09:42) bad it gets really bad so you definitely (01:09:45) don't want nuclear weapons in space (01:09:47) perfect I didn't necessarily mean (01:09:50) nuclear weapons I meant something to (01:09:52) disable a nuclear weapon that is in (01:09:55) mid-flight in space like maybe a laser (01:09:57) or something some sort of some sort of (01:10:00) new technology that we don't know yet (01:10:03) but in this you know back to the you (01:10:05) mentioned a war game uh I think that the (01:10:08) rean administration had put together so (01:10:10) just for the uh I want to dive into that (01:10:12) and so just for the audience a war game (01:10:14) is (01:10:15) basically a madeup scenario but a (01:10:19) realistic scenario that they put and it (01:10:21) kind of shows the probability of what (01:10:22) the outcom would look like and so they (01:10:25) do this with all a lot of countries do (01:10:28) this and and this we do this with a (01:10:32) multitude of scenarios cyber attacks (01:10:34) nuclear warfare and I mean regular (01:10:37) regular Warfare so what did the ad what (01:10:40) did the Reagan Administration uncover (01:10:42) with that war game The Proud (01:10:45) Prophet so also they do hundreds of (01:10:48) these a year like if you read stratcom (01:10:51) you know discussions with Congress as I (01:10:54) do you can interpret how many of these (01:10:57) nuclear war game how many of these war (01:10:59) games are going on (01:11:01) um nuclear war games because stratcom (01:11:04) wouldn't be doing other (01:11:06) operations so there's there's a they're (01:11:08) happening all the time and they they're (01:11:10) incredibly classified meaning we just (01:11:12) they don't get Declassified but this one (01:11:16) proud profit 83 war game got declass (01:11:19) nuclear war game got Declassified and I (01:11:21) show you in the book it's literally all (01:11:23) blacked out it's redacted you've seen (01:11:25) docents like that it's just all black (01:11:27) there's maybe like one word you know (01:11:29) aftermath or you know buildup everything (01:11:33) else and so you might say well what's (01:11:36) the point of releasing this how can we (01:11:38) get any information it's all (01:11:42) redacted we get the information from a (01:11:46) civilian (01:11:48) scientist Professor who was on that war (01:11:50) game named Paul Bracken he's a professor (01:11:52) at Yale now okay and once it was (01:11:56) Declassified like 10 years ago it (01:11:58) allowed Bracken to speak about it (01:12:00) generally before that he couldn't say (01:12:03) anything you know about you know your (01:12:05) your the classification (01:12:07) requirements but then suddenly because (01:12:09) it was Declassified he could speak about (01:12:11) it in a general Manner and he wrote in (01:12:14) his own (01:12:16) book what I just conveyed to you that no (01:12:19) matter how nuclear war so they there it (01:12:23) was a two- we long program the SE SE (01:12:25) like the highest ranking people in (01:12:27) military nuclear command and control got (01:12:30) together and gained out these different (01:12:32) scenarios according to Professor Bracken (01:12:35) they you know NATO was involved NATO (01:12:37) wasn't involved tactical weapons are (01:12:39) involved tactical weapons not inv China (01:12:41) gets involved and what Bracken said was (01:12:44) no matter (01:12:45) how nuclear war (01:12:48) begins it only ends in nuclear (01:12:52) Armageddon M and his exact words was (01:12:55) that everyone left the war game very (01:12:59) depressed and so I think I pull the veil (01:13:03) back on some of this that and it's (01:13:06) almost like a little bit of our (01:13:07) experience communicate the nuclear war (01:13:10) conundrum is so complex and tightly (01:13:14) wound it was it began with the generals (01:13:18) and the Admirals at the Pentagon in the (01:13:19) 1950s working from an idea that nuclear (01:13:22) war could be fought and won (01:13:26) which it itself is insane the original (01:13:29) nuclear war plan against the Soviet (01:13:31) Union that I write about in the book was (01:13:33) going to kill 600 million people wow 600 (01:13:39) million (01:13:40) people how can you have a plan like that (01:13:43) and not call it Mass (01:13:46) extermination that's how it began that (01:13:48) was a long time ago the Soviets were the (01:13:51) big bad threat no one's doubting that (01:13:53) it's different it's a different world (01:13:56) that we live in now mhm why do we (01:14:00) have why have we not (01:14:03) acknowledged that what began as (01:14:07) Madness will likely end in Madness (01:14:11) unless all of these issues are (01:14:17) addressed (01:14:19) money you mean there's more money to (01:14:21) build more (01:14:22) weapons mhm I think we're (01:14:27) I think we're at a new (01:14:31) Crossroads that's completely different (01:14:33) but maybe has some similarities with AI (01:14:36) okay do (01:14:38) you keep going I'm interested what you (01:14:41) have to say well I mean there's a lot of (01:14:42) fear of what AI could develop into and (01:14:44) basically you know gets to the point (01:14:46) where it makes Humanity completely (01:14:49) irrelevant and (01:14:52) so it's it's it's it's a dangerous game (01:14:55) we're playing I don't think anybody (01:14:56) really knows the extent of what we might (01:15:00) experience if this keeps keeps on you (01:15:02) know with the brain chips with with (01:15:04) everything and so it's another (01:15:09) it's once it's out of the bag it's not (01:15:12) going back in and I feel like that's (01:15:13) where we're at with AI is where we were (01:15:16) with nuclear war it's the Pandora's Box (01:15:19) idea yes which kind of begs the (01:15:24) question okay so how about doing (01:15:26) something about it and I know we all (01:15:28) have busy lives and that is part of the (01:15:32) you know no one can stop what they're (01:15:33) doing and suddenly uh become an expert (01:15:36) on existential threats per se so we talk (01:15:40) about it and (01:15:42) we you know pontificate what can be done (01:15:46) but we should remember that there are (01:15:50) powers that be that are paid to deal (01:15:52) with these issues in our own government (01:15:54) MH and so the days are over where you (01:15:57) could just (01:15:59) trust the (01:16:02) government to be (01:16:04) doing the how do I say that right yeah I (01:16:09) know where you're going we should be (01:16:11) able to trust the government to have our (01:16:13) to be doing things in our best interest (01:16:15) yeah right like if you watch the (01:16:17) propaganda films of the 50s having to do (01:16:19) with nuclear war right I (01:16:21) mean and you see like a housewife with a (01:16:24) tiny waist and you know curers maybe (01:16:27) even making pancakes and then like a (01:16:29) siren goes off and then Jimmy come quick (01:16:32) and they they Duck and Cover and that's (01:16:34) going to protect you against a nuclear (01:16:36) bomb and everybody went okay I mean (01:16:39) those days are (01:16:42) over but then you kind of I think the (01:16:45) point you're raising is what kind of (01:16:49) like version of that are we dealing with (01:16:53) today I I think it's AI I mean it's (01:16:56) happening right now you (01:16:58) know xiin ping in China says the first (01:17:02) the first country that (01:17:04) Masters AI will achieve global (01:17:08) domination and so now you have now you (01:17:12) have all these people over here that are (01:17:14) worried about I mean I'm conflicted what (01:17:17) do you do China's not going to stop (01:17:19) right they're not going to stop (01:17:22) and so if we stop then we put put (01:17:25) ourselves at a disadvantage but if none (01:17:28) of us stop we put the entire human (01:17:31) species at a at a at the risk of (01:17:34) becoming irrelevant you know and and (01:17:38) does that make sense of course it makes (01:17:40) sense and it's absolutely on point and (01:17:42) you know you can also throw into that (01:17:45) mix (01:17:48) biology (01:17:50) because okay so here's how I would tie (01:17:52) that together right because you have (01:17:54) biological warfare Fair (01:17:56) threats that (01:17:59) become more threatening more (01:18:02) existentially threatening with the (01:18:03) introduction of AI I believe perhaps (01:18:06) more so than with the nuclear weapons (01:18:08) right one of the areas I'm going to try (01:18:11) to hold this thought together but it it (01:18:14) ties (01:18:15) so you might say you might say nuclear (01:18:19) weapons could you know AI could get hold (01:18:22) of nuclear (01:18:24) weapons well well maybe and this is (01:18:26) where I'm (01:18:28) either informed or inaccurate I don't (01:18:32) know (01:18:34) okay what I do know is that from from (01:18:37) interviewing people in cyber command is (01:18:39) that our nuclear weapons are (01:18:42) surprisingly (01:18:43) analog meaning they are not (01:18:46) digital okay so for example I learned in (01:18:50) reporting the book that our subl (01:18:52) ballistic missiles Guide to the targets (01:18:55) by star sighting Sean a little panel (01:19:00) opens and they use the Stars to guide to (01:19:03) the Target there are other systems in (01:19:04) place and this stuff is very classified (01:19:06) but what is leading is like this ancient (01:19:10) technology that like our hunter gatherer (01:19:12) ancestors used okay um so nuclear (01:19:18) weapons because they happened before the (01:19:20) Advent of the digital age there has been (01:19:22) a concerted effort to make sure they (01:19:27) remain analog so that they can't be (01:19:30) hacked okay okay and these are (01:19:32) assurances that I have gotten from cyber (01:19:35) command you're just taking somebody at (01:19:36) your at their word at that point because (01:19:38) the documentation is not (01:19:41) Declassified so hold that thought then (01:19:45) you have this idea (01:19:49) that biological weapons used to exist we (01:19:52) used to have we had a program about (01:19:54) biological weapons I wrote about it we (01:19:55) hired the Nazi scientists they built up (01:19:58) our biological warfare program and we (01:20:01) used to have an (01:20:03) Arsenal and then Nixon made them illegal (01:20:07) so all of the biological weapons were (01:20:10) destroyed we found out Russia was (01:20:12) cheating and they I mean Rat Hole upon (01:20:14) Rat Hole (01:20:17) um so biological weapons are no more (01:20:20) which exist sort of that's the reason (01:20:22) that nuclear disarmament people say we (01:20:24) don't need nuclear Arsenal to keep us (01:20:28) safe because we we were able to say we (01:20:30) don't need biological weapons to keep us (01:20:32) safe biological weapons have become (01:20:35) taboo we need so the disarm people will (01:20:38) say nuclear weapons should be taboo now (01:20:41) you take AI okay what you're saying (01:20:44) which is really significant to think (01:20:46) about is how does AI fit into the (01:20:49) mix if there is indeed a giant gap on (01:20:53) purpose between AI being able to access (01:20:56) nuclear weapons because it has grown up (01:21:01) with (01:21:02) that that is one lane of security shall (01:21:07) we say but with the biological (01:21:10) issues that is far more dangerous to my (01:21:12) eye because they didn't grow up together (01:21:16) and AI has the capacity to make (01:21:20) biological weapons and chemical (01:21:23) weapons on paper (01:21:27) does that make sense M because a lot of (01:21:31) AI is pulling from information in the (01:21:35) public (01:21:35) domain and so far (01:21:40) no student in a basement that we know of (01:21:43) has made a nuclear weapon think about (01:21:45) that mhm no it remains this jealously (01:21:51) guarded recipe (01:21:56) Pakistan got the bomb because they stole (01:21:59) the most people get the bomb because (01:22:01) they steal (01:22:02) it but Biol biology we have (01:22:06) biological um synthetic biological (01:22:09) situations being made by you know (01:22:12) students in high school because of AI (01:22:15) because what you can program AI make me (01:22:18) a chemical weapon that to me is a (01:22:24) majorly exist existential threat but (01:22:26) again we don't have the language yet (01:22:29) just as Layman or with a little bit of (01:22:31) knowledge to understand what AI is (01:22:34) really capable of and so you're bringing (01:22:36) up the question should we trust the same (01:22:38) people that said like Duck and Cover and (01:22:40) you'll be safe should that's what you're (01:22:42) saying and that's a very important (01:22:45) question I would say probably not we (01:22:48) should probably not trust them um I mean (01:22:51) I don't you know I don't know once again (01:22:55) this is like the disarming of the nukes (01:22:56) I mean what do what do we do we do we I (01:23:00) mean what is your opinion what do we do (01:23:03) about the nukes or about AI with (01:23:06) AI I mean I always start by looking at (01:23:11) the (01:23:12) opinions (01:23:13) of people I respect MH and then I start (01:23:17) to kind (01:23:19) of gather more information like why did (01:23:22) they wind up with their opinion (01:23:25) and so one person that comes to mind (01:23:28) when I was St when I was looking at (01:23:29) early AI because a lot of the early AI (01:23:32) comes from (01:23:33) DARPA (01:23:35) and they have DARPA has always had this (01:23:40) idea so also I think it's important to (01:23:43) make a distinction at least to my eye (01:23:46) between or I do when I think about it AI (01:23:50) artificial intelligence and machine (01:23:52) learning if you're machine learning is (01:23:55) making computers a lot smarter (01:23:57) artificial intelligence is (01:23:59) actually trying to figure out how to (01:24:01) make a machine (01:24:03) think for that I visited I went to Los (01:24:06) Alamos when I was reporting the (01:24:08) pentagon's brain and visited a Dara (01:24:11) scientist who had a grant to try and (01:24:12) create you know a brain in essence and (01:24:17) he was using the computer that used to (01:24:18) have all the nuclear codes on it it was (01:24:20) really interesting but he explained to (01:24:22) me his name was Dr carrot Garrett Kenyon (01:24:25) and he gave me this analogy where he (01:24:27) said we're so far out from brain from (01:24:29) computers being able to think and I said (01:24:32) try and just give me a average Jane or (01:24:34) Joe way to understand this and he (01:24:37) said okay think about the the facial (01:24:40) recognition software on your (01:24:42) iPhone right mhm very basic thing you (01:24:45) and I that is machine (01:24:48) learning so he said have your iPhone (01:24:52) look at you and then try to have it look (01:24:54) get you further away and with a baseball (01:24:57) cap or with (01:25:00) sunglasses right so you're kind of (01:25:02) making it harder for the machine to know (01:25:05) it's (01:25:05) you now this interview we did by the way (01:25:08) was like eight years ago and things have (01:25:10) changed a lot in a frightening (01:25:12) manner then he said to (01:25:14) me the iPhone could definitely not (01:25:18) recognize me across a football field (01:25:20) walking with a baseball cap (01:25:23) on he said my daughter on the other hand (01:25:26) who was I think something like 8 years (01:25:28) old at the time he said my daughter (01:25:30) knows who I (01:25:31) am across a football field walking with (01:25:34) a baseball capat good and begins running (01:25:37) toward (01:25:38) me that is human (01:25:43) intelligence I mean do you think I I (01:25:46) think I think we've I mean look now (01:25:49) China supposedly (01:25:52) has camera systems (01:25:55) I don't know what you call them I guess (01:25:56) they wouldn't be facial recognition they (01:25:59) would just be they are facial (01:26:01) recognition yes well I guess what I'm (01:26:03) saying is it can pick up how you walk (01:26:05) gate recognition and so people are (01:26:08) putting rocks in their shoes so that (01:26:11) they walk different wow did you know you (01:26:15) I did not know the the the way to spoof (01:26:18) that they're putting rocks in their (01:26:20) shoes so that they walk different so (01:26:22) that the the the technology doesn't pick (01:26:25) up how they actually walk (01:26:27) Y and they can (01:26:31) now have systems that can read your (01:26:33) heartbeat I didn't know (01:26:36) that so this gets into tricky my opinion (01:26:41) on this or rather my lots of facts you (01:26:44) know opinion gets into a tricky area (01:26:48) here (01:26:49) because I speak often about the (01:26:51) military-industrial complex not in and I (01:26:53) want to preface this what I'm about to (01:26:55) say about China and all that right which (01:26:57) is (01:26:58) not in a what might be called a (01:27:00) conspiratorial way per se like the (01:27:03) military industrial complex literally as (01:27:06) a fact-based (01:27:08) military industrial (01:27:11) complex and it is real and it is also (01:27:17) provides a lot of jobs for a lot of (01:27:19) people I often think about this so the (01:27:22) military-industrial complex as a term (01:27:24) from Eisenhower's farewell speech okay (01:27:27) and that's very welln but less (01:27:31) known is what Eisenhower said as a (01:27:34) follow-up to that in that same speech (01:27:37) which is interestingly something I you I (01:27:38) tell my sources as a principal I work (01:27:41) from would they let me interview them (01:27:44) and most of them say yes on that on (01:27:46) those grounds which is this (01:27:49) that the way in (01:27:51) which America can function as a sort of (01:27:54) peaceful nation and a democratic nation (01:27:58) and a nation that is strong that has a (01:28:00) strong (01:28:02) defense is through an alert and (01:28:05) knowledgeable (01:28:07) citizenry which is exactly what we've (01:28:09) been talking about this whole time which (01:28:11) is in a way the question for the (01:28:13) original listener asked right how so (01:28:17) what Eisenhower was saying to us is be (01:28:20) alert and be (01:28:22) knowledgeable and so I I think it's (01:28:24) always good to (01:28:26) temper that like if you say I'm being (01:28:28) alert and I'm being knowledgeable in (01:28:29) sort of like a nerdy way then you can I (01:28:33) can differentiate my I like my (01:28:35) pontificating about what does that mean (01:28:37) and I can see my sort of more paranoid (01:28:40) brain thinking thing right and it just (01:28:42) is it it balances things out but on the (01:28:46) concept of the military-industrial (01:28:47) complex specifically in China (01:28:48) surveillance I want to say this which is (01:28:51) that one way of looking at that which I (01:28:55) would look at because I've done quite a (01:28:56) bit of reporting on it is that it's that (01:28:59) problem of the chicken or egg scenario (01:29:01) that that when the United States creates (01:29:04) a radical new technology that it's using (01:29:07) for its own defense China follow suit (01:29:10) Russia follow suits and nowhere is that (01:29:13) more specific and more obvious if you (01:29:17) really think about it then what the (01:29:20) United States did during the war on (01:29:22) terror what the government did during (01:29:24) the war war on terror and that is create (01:29:26) these these biometric surveillance (01:29:28) systems which you know to go after bad (01:29:31) guys in Iraq in Afghanistan fingerprint (01:29:34) technology find the bomber not the bomb (01:29:38) a great idea if you you're just going to (01:29:41) take out you if you're going to go after (01:29:43) the the bomb you're just going to be (01:29:46) think about that's what your teams were (01:29:48) doing mhm but as soon as you can go (01:29:50) after the bomber you're cutting off the (01:29:52) head of the (01:29:53) snake but the biometric surveillance (01:29:55) system got out of control before you (01:29:57) knew it perhaps because of the military (01:29:59) industrial (01:30:00) complex the Pentagon had decided Well (01:30:04) let's just get Biometrics on everybody (01:30:06) so it went from do you know about this a (01:30:09) little bit it went I'll do I'll keep it (01:30:11) short because it can be like too much of (01:30:12) a rabbit hole but it went from finding (01:30:14) the fingerprints on the bomber to let's (01:30:16) get fingerprints on every single person (01:30:18) in Iraq 85% of the population was the (01:30:21) goal and then they did that in (01:30:22) Afghanistan these are facts mm this is (01:30:24) like David Petraeus fact (01:30:27) okay and (01:30:29) so the idea was we're going to have this (01:30:32) colossal database of (01:30:34) everybody which used to be considered an (01:30:37) FBI criminal concept MH we're just going (01:30:40) to have this on everybody and then that (01:30:41) way we're going to know if you're a bad (01:30:42) guy or a good guy and it got totally out (01:30:45) of control and it happened too fast and (01:30:46) there was so much money being made that (01:30:48) it just became a (01:30:50) deluge of systems and China copied that (01:30:54) China did not have that system of (01:30:56) systems until we introduced it to them (01:30:58) and because China is great at stealing (01:31:01) our intellectual property that is (01:31:03) precisely what happened and then China (01:31:06) because it's a communist country and it (01:31:08) does not have any of the same rules to (01:31:10) abide by just went berserk with it and (01:31:12) said we're going to now do they have a (01:31:15) system called physicals for all (01:31:17) physicals for all what a great euphemism (01:31:20) what it means is we're going to get your (01:31:22) DNA and that's what they are in the (01:31:24) process of (01:31:26) doing having DNA fingerprints Iris (01:31:30) scans gate monitor of (01:31:33) everybody so it's it's becoming a (01:31:36) massive police state if it wasn't (01:31:39) already it is now it's a Technology (01:31:41) based police state but remember my point (01:31:45) in that would be the defense (01:31:47) department set that (01:31:49) up you could say to happen (01:31:56) or is that military-industrial (01:31:58) complex it's a good point I've not (01:32:00) thought (01:32:01) of it's a great (01:32:05) Point what do you (01:32:07) think I think it's the Eisenhower quote (01:32:11) like an alert and knowledgeable (01:32:12) citizenry right and and also a little (01:32:15) bit if you pick your battles because you (01:32:18) could you can become subsumed with this (01:32:21) is just a horrible you know you could (01:32:23) really (01:32:25) um and you want to enjoy your life and (01:32:27) be a good parent and write your books or (01:32:29) do your (01:32:30) podcast so and then I look to history to (01:32:33) say okay oh that's right this has always (01:32:35) been going (01:32:38) on I do believe money money needs to be (01:32:42) spent to keep the economy going but (01:32:45) there could be a restructuring of the (01:32:47) military industrial (01:32:51) complex in a manner that (01:32:56) suits the (01:32:59) livelihood and the future yeah I agree (01:33:02) with you on that let's um let's take a (01:33:05) quick break when we come back I'd like (01:33:08) to see what it looks like here in the us (01:33:13) if 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insurance company not (01:36:03) available in certain States prices (01:36:05) subject to underwriting and health (01:36:09) questions all right Annie we're back (01:36:10) from the break we're getting ready to (01:36:12) dive into what it would look like if we (01:36:14) do get hit I just I just looked uh back (01:36:17) at my notes though and I just want to (01:36:19) cover one more thing back to the back to (01:36:22) the 6 minutes for the president to make (01:36:24) a (01:36:28) decision don't you if you talked how do (01:36:31) I put this I would think that a lot of (01:36:34) these decisions have already been (01:36:36) predetermined if there's only nine (01:36:38) Nations us included so eight other ones (01:36:43) and then I can't remember how many are (01:36:45) our allies I know Russia China Korea is (01:36:48) there another one that's Pakistan (01:36:50) Pakistan questionable yeah okay (01:36:53) definitely questionable but um you moved (01:36:56) in there right yeah (01:37:00) so so I would think we would definitely (01:37:02) have a lot of (01:37:05) predetermined decisions made if one of (01:37:08) those four countries launched towards us (01:37:11) so so the reason I'm bringing this up is (01:37:14) for the audience more to to at least I I (01:37:18) would think that there would be (01:37:20) contingency plan after contingency plan (01:37:22) after contingency plan plan on what were (01:37:25) to happen if one of those countries (01:37:28) launched a nuclear weapon towards us and (01:37:31) so that I I think it's important to know (01:37:34) that the president isn't just making a (01:37:37) going through a a raw decision process (01:37:40) from from beginning to end in 6 minutes (01:37:44) on what he's going to do would you agree (01:37:46) with that absolutely okay great so let's (01:37:48) talk about the football okay because (01:37:51) there is not time you're AB abolutely (01:37:54) right for the seaf to say okay sir we (01:37:56) think there's no time for that you're (01:37:58) talking about a six-minute window I mean (01:38:02) that's like making a pot of coffee okay (01:38:05) that is a tiny amount of time and so the (01:38:08) football do you know what the football (01:38:10) is I do okay which you want to describe (01:38:13) it the football is the Emer also known (01:38:15) as the emergency Satchel it's this (01:38:16) leather bag that is always with the (01:38:19) president any photograph you look at the (01:38:21) president if you can see around him or (01:38:23) you will see the mill Aid the military (01:38:25) aid who is the person assigned to carry (01:38:29) the (01:38:30) football 247 365 with the president it (01:38:34) is always with the president Lum mer (01:38:36) letti the former director of The Secret (01:38:38) Service told me a great story about the (01:38:40) football when I said is it really always (01:38:42) with the president he said it is always (01:38:44) with the president he was before he was (01:38:46) director of Secret Service he was um the (01:38:49) head of President Clinton's detail and (01:38:52) he told me about going going to Syria (01:38:55) with Clinton to see President Assad the (01:38:58) current president's father and that they (01:39:01) got into the (01:39:02) elevator and you know one of Assad's (01:39:05) guys was like no right like about the M (01:39:08) Aid and Lou said it was like a (01:39:10) standoff there was no way they were (01:39:13) going to let the president ride in the (01:39:14) elevator without the football that's how (01:39:18) significant it is it is with him on all (01:39:21) time inside the football are two key (01:39:25) items one is an ability for the (01:39:29) president's identity to be (01:39:32) confirmed with and by those in the (01:39:36) nuclear bunker beneath the Pentagon (01:39:38) which is called the National military (01:39:39) command center so the president has like (01:39:42) a a a card a laminated card inside his (01:39:46) wallet known as the biscuit it has (01:39:48) information on it which matches up to (01:39:51) the information in the football that (01:39:54) that is a literally a call and response (01:39:57) it is a verbal call and response this is (01:39:59) not digital this is not (01:40:01) biometric it's old school and the other (01:40:04) important item in the football is the (01:40:07) black (01:40:08) book that's not its official name but (01:40:11) that's what it's called and the (01:40:14) classified historian at Los Alamos told (01:40:16) me that the reason it's called the black (01:40:18) book is it is because it involves so (01:40:21) Much Death (01:40:24) the black (01:40:26) book is another jealously guarded secret (01:40:30) what is in the black book almost no one (01:40:33) has that has seen the contents of it has (01:40:35) spoken of it once aill Aid referred to (01:40:41) the cont in an interview with (01:40:42) Smithsonian Magazine described the (01:40:45) contents of the black book and he (01:40:47) described it like a Denny's menu which (01:40:50) gets us to how does the president choose (01:40:52) his targets (01:40:54) so the countries that are perceived as (01:40:57) enemies nuclear armed enemies who might (01:41:00) launch at us are broken down into this (01:41:04) Denny menu type (01:41:06) document with options for the president (01:41:09) to choose from in that six-minute window (01:41:12) really (01:41:14) fast I interviewed for the book one (01:41:17) person who had has actually seen the (01:41:20) contents of the black book his name is (01:41:22) Ted postal (01:41:24) and he's the one with Richard Garwin who (01:41:26) drew the map for me about the launch and (01:41:28) the missile and Postal in the 80s was (01:41:32) the chief advisor to the Navy about (01:41:36) nuclear (01:41:37) missiles that was his job in (01:41:40) the80s and so he worked on some of the (01:41:44) statistics the the information about (01:41:48) potential (01:41:50) targets but what he told me was this (01:41:52) very frightening story about the black (01:41:53) book which is he which gets to your (01:41:55) question about like the president making (01:41:57) a decision he said they would work on (01:42:00) all these different scenarios kind of (01:42:02) let's consider the 82 missile scenario (01:42:05) we're talking about why you would get to (01:42:06) that how you would get to that how you (01:42:08) would determine where the CIA thinks (01:42:12) North Korea's nuclear command and (01:42:13) control centers may be operative word (01:42:16) thinks we have no real Intelligence on (01:42:19) them and then postal told me and of (01:42:22) course North Korea wasn't involved in (01:42:24) the ' 80s CU they didn't have nuclear (01:42:25) weapons yet but postal told me that he (01:42:27) had another experience which was another (01:42:30) day he was at the (01:42:31) pentagon look and he and he became privy (01:42:34) to the black book kind of like by (01:42:36) accident it was out and he looked at it (01:42:40) and what freaked him out his (01:42:44) words was that he said the difference (01:42:46) between what they had been working on (01:42:49) with these very precise (01:42:51) calculations about why different targets (01:42:54) should be chosen and what (01:42:58) resulted were almost not (01:43:01) [Music] (01:43:02) recognizable and he couldn't can you say (01:43:04) that again I'm sorry yeah okay so like (01:43:07) they nerded out like you can imagine (01:43:09) guys with pencils and rulers and going (01:43:11) what are the Targets in said enemy (01:43:14) Nation what are the where are their (01:43:17) nuclear command and control facilities (01:43:19) that we would want to take out in a (01:43:20) nuclear strike that's what the you know (01:43:23) they big (01:43:24) industries that their bunkers their (01:43:27) version of the stratcom bunker their (01:43:29) version of the Pentagon they had they (01:43:31) kind of nerd out around all the details (01:43:33) to get down pair down what the targets (01:43:37) are and how many bombs you're going to (01:43:39) put on a Target because you never put (01:43:41) just (01:43:43) one you know this from ground Warfare (01:43:46) right so but what postal said is when he (01:43:49) went over to the Pentagon and was (01:43:50) looking at the black book The Denny's (01:43:53) menu if you (01:43:54) will that he was shocked he actually (01:43:57) said he was freaked (01:43:59) out at the disconnect between them in (01:44:02) other words they had just been reduced (01:44:05) to option A and A you know there was not (01:44:10) information the the president wouldn't (01:44:12) realize you're striking a city that's (01:44:15) going to kill 15 million people it's a (01:44:21) Playbook and I got the sense it's (01:44:24) numerical or Alpha numerical again (01:44:27) that's classified information but that's (01:44:30) the sense I got it's like a 324b I'm (01:44:34) using that kind of as an analogy but (01:44:35) maybe even literally so in other words (01:44:38) that is what they're not the president (01:44:41) doesn't go okay I'm going to hit and (01:44:43) they're not cities with (01:44:46) humans it's a look I don't know anything (01:44:49) about nuclear warfare that's I'm a (01:44:51) ground guy mhm that's it it I don't do (01:44:54) nuclear strategy or anything like that (01:44:56) but I will say (01:45:00) that combat planning (01:45:04) strategy (01:45:05) contingencies is very much like a (01:45:08) football game you call a (01:45:12) play and no nobody that has not been (01:45:16) briefed understands what that play is so (01:45:18) if it's a if it's a a (01:45:22) a did you say and numeric or or alpha (01:45:25) numeric so so if it's Alpha (01:45:29) 52 then they go to the everybody (01:45:33) everybody who is read in knows what (01:45:35) Alpha 52 is in that scenario that that (01:45:39) scenario plays out and and absolutely (01:45:42) does that make sense absolutely I agree (01:45:45) with I think that's the best analogy (01:45:47) I've heard from what I (01:45:50) understand now I could be wrong because (01:45:53) I haven't had anyone who's seen the (01:45:56) contents of the black book tell me (01:45:58) precisely they've only spoken in (01:46:01) metaphor because they can't and very (01:46:05) very few people have seen it yeah so it (01:46:07) would be I mean I would imagine it would (01:46:10) be very similar to a to to a quarterback (01:46:13) when he calls a play everybody on that (01:46:16) team knows exactly what's going to (01:46:19) happen where they're going to go what (01:46:20) they're going to do what route they're (01:46:21) going to run where the ball's going to (01:46:23) land you know and that's and so in the (01:46:26) black book on the Denny's menu if he (01:46:28) calls you know Alpha (01:46:31) 26 all the key players know what's going (01:46:34) to be struck what's you know where (01:46:36) they're going to be how long it's going (01:46:38) to take to get there what countries are (01:46:40) going to all of that is already it's (01:46:42) already been predetermined it's a (01:46:43) predetermined Playbook (01:46:47) of of possible scenarios and and you're (01:46:51) exactly probably right right and so then (01:46:55) imagine this the President says well (01:46:59) what is Alpha 52 you whatever the thing (01:47:01) and now you the six-minute window the (01:47:04) clock is ticking inside (01:47:07) stratcom the bunker beneath off at Air (01:47:11) Force Base which is one of three of the (01:47:14) three nuclear bunkers that are Central (01:47:15) to this in this moment in time as this (01:47:17) is happening there's one in Cheyenne (01:47:19) Mountain there's one beneath off at out (01:47:21) air Fort base and there's one at the (01:47:23) Pentagon and the president wherever he (01:47:26) may be is trying to discern this black (01:47:29) book mhm and he's being advised so at (01:47:33) stratcom there is an identical black (01:47:35) book it's in a safe it gets the safe (01:47:39) gets open the black book gets taken out (01:47:42) they're identical so that they know (01:47:43) exactly they're talking about the same (01:47:44) thing there is a target officer who will (01:47:47) who's prepared to brief if the president (01:47:49) has any questions and there's also a (01:47:51) weather officer that's going to tell him (01:47:54) how many people are going to die maybe (01:47:55) if there's time and if he ask that (01:47:58) question from the radioactive fallout in (01:48:01) Centric circles going out from Ground (01:48:02) Zero each Ground Zero but again how much (01:48:06) time do you have in a six-minute window (01:48:09) and imagine what's going through the (01:48:10) president's mind in the scenario that I (01:48:12) write I have the president ask a number (01:48:15) of key (01:48:16) questions um which were which I learned (01:48:20) questions I learned from interviewing (01:48:22) people that they are worried the (01:48:24) president or that they think the (01:48:26) president might ask like I'll give you (01:48:27) an example of a key question the (01:48:30) president in my scenario (01:48:32) ask how do we know there's a nuclear (01:48:36) warhead in the nose coming in that (01:48:38) ballistic missal and you know what the (01:48:40) answer is they (01:48:44) don't and then the next answer is you (01:48:48) know where where the president might (01:48:50) then Wonder perhaps someone is you know (01:48:53) tricking me into starting a nuclear war (01:48:55) and the answer is no one sends a (01:48:57) ballistic missile unless they know we (01:49:00) are going to send the motherload in (01:49:02) response yeah which is brings us back to (01:49:04) the Paradox or The Catch 22 of (01:49:09) deterrence so you could use this as an (01:49:12) argument which is why no one would be (01:49:13) insane enough to ever launch a nuclear (01:49:16) missile at the United States because (01:49:18) they would be (01:49:20) obliterated or you can use the argument (01:49:23) that that's ridiculous how can more (01:49:26) nuclear weapons make us more safe I mean (01:49:29) we shouldn't be so we shouldn't put so (01:49:32) much weight on that I mean we just going (01:49:34) down to a lower level I mean look at (01:49:35) suicide (01:49:36) bombers they're they had no problem (01:49:39) recruiting suicide bombers you know in (01:49:41) the global war on terrorism and so all (01:49:44) you would need is somebody with that (01:49:46) mindset (01:49:48) to get into government and become a (01:49:51) world leader I mean (01:49:55) not an easy task but not impossible not (01:49:58) impossible and in (01:50:00) 2024 certainly more likely than in 1952 (01:50:05) mhm on top of that going back to the the (01:50:08) decision-making of the president I'm (01:50:10) sure he would (01:50:12) have if it happened I'm sure he would (01:50:15) have advisors that would say something (01:50:17) along the lines of this is what this is (01:50:19) what's happening right now these are our (01:50:21) top three these are our top three (01:50:25) actions that we would recommend that you (01:50:27) take here they are you know and that is (01:50:29) the job of the advisor which one would (01:50:30) you like us to do you know and uh so (01:50:33) he's not he's not reading the whole (01:50:36) Denny's (01:50:38) menu you're absolutely right and and and (01:50:41) so you also have to imagine what would (01:50:44) be going through the president's mind (01:50:45) who from what I understand has not (01:50:48) thought this through has not been part (01:50:50) of the these you know war games (01:50:53) scenarios has been concerned with other (01:50:56) issues both domestic and abroad suddenly (01:50:59) new to this you know asking questions (01:51:02) like is this a test and his advisors (01:51:06) knowing it is not a test and his advisor (01:51:09) being much more aware of how this is (01:51:12) going to end (01:51:14) meaning you know having war gamed these (01:51:18) situations out but then you can learn (01:51:20) about a concept as I did which is (01:51:23) something called jamming the president (01:51:25) which is what is understood would happen (01:51:27) at A Moment Like This whereby the (01:51:30) military (01:51:31) advisers almost universally would be (01:51:34) advising him to escalate to deescalate (01:51:39) to hit them with an extraordinary amount (01:51:42) of (01:51:43) force and that is a natural military (01:51:47) mindset particularly if you are attacked (01:51:50) you know this right and so in the (01:51:53) scenario that I report that's where (01:51:55) things go Ary because of some (01:51:58) technological holes in the system and (01:52:00) that is why Russia gets involved (01:52:02) interesting well let's get into this (01:52:05) scenario M what does it look like if (01:52:07) we're (01:52:10) hit a nuclear (01:52:13) bomb (01:52:14) explodes with a flash of light of X-ray (01:52:19) light that is (01:52:21) so powerful and (01:52:24) and hot it is impossible to comprehend (01:52:28) it is (01:52:29) 180 million (01:52:32) de that's the temperature at the center (01:52:35) of the Sun Time (01:52:37) 5 really times (01:52:41) five and so the thermonuclear flash sets (01:52:47) everything on (01:52:50) fire depending on the size of the bomb (01:52:53) in the scenario that I write it's 3 mil (01:52:55) out is that a fact is that the biggest (01:52:59) yes that's not the biggest bomb but that (01:53:00) is a fact and so by the way like when I (01:53:03) write about these horrific details about (01:53:05) what happens to people in third degree (01:53:07) burns and wind ripping skin off people's (01:53:10) faces you know 9 miles out um limbs (01:53:13) being ripped off you know the sucking (01:53:15) motion that happens the the blast wave (01:53:18) that's like a bulldozzer the buildings (01:53:20) that come down the when I write all (01:53:22) those details those are not out of Annie (01:53:24) Jacobson's imagination those are sourced (01:53:26) from a primary document called the (01:53:29) effects of nuclear weapons which is a (01:53:32) 600 and some odd page book it's also (01:53:35) called Army pamphlet number (01:53:38) 50-9 if I'm remembering correctly and (01:53:42) that began with the Hiroshima and (01:53:44) Nagasaki bombings the effects of nuclear (01:53:48) weapons on buildings and people and as (01:53:51) the tests were done (01:53:53) we conducted atmospheric tests in the (01:53:56) Pacific and also in Nevada at the test (01:53:58) site as the tests were done defense (01:54:01) scientists were constantly (01:54:04) measuring the effects that nuclear (01:54:06) weapons have on things and (01:54:09) people and the people substitutes were (01:54:13) animals and they measured these with a (01:54:18) specificity that's just (01:54:20) stunning and that's a polite word for (01:54:25) Gruesome and I use those details in the (01:54:27) book and I Source them again in notes so (01:54:30) you know then you get to learn as a (01:54:32) reader oh wait a minute how does the (01:54:35) Pentagon know that a pine needle will (01:54:38) catch on fire six miles out from Ground (01:54:41) Zero you know spontaneously combust and (01:54:44) start more fires oh because these have (01:54:47) been studied 6 miles out so what so does (01:54:50) that mean the the blast radius (01:54:53) of The Flash can can be up to 6 miles (01:54:56) the BL the people can go blind up to 50 (01:55:00) mil out if they're looking in the (01:55:01) direction of the bomb 50 miles 5 and the (01:55:05) way we know you know the defense (01:55:06) department would put rabbits and cages (01:55:08) and fly them you know 50 Mi out from (01:55:11) this bomb and put their you know it's (01:55:13) very Clockwork Orange mhm to determine (01:55:16) the effects on the (01:55:17) retina um a one Megaton bomb that I have (01:55:21) hit the Pentagon and I I use the (01:55:23) Pentagon as a Target by the way again (01:55:25) that's not just because it's my (01:55:27) imagination but because many people that (01:55:30) I interviewed told me that a bolt out of (01:55:32) the blue attack against Washington is (01:55:35) what Washington fears (01:55:36) most and so a one Megaton bomb that (01:55:40) detonates over the Pentagon creates a (01:55:43) ball of fire pure fire that is (01:55:49) 5,700 fet in diameter that's a little (01:55:51) over a mile again like the specificity (01:55:54) of these numbers are from defense (01:55:56) scientists a ball of fire so nothing (01:56:00) Remains Not a cricket not a no no (01:56:05) cellular life in (01:56:07) that and then you have this blast Wave (01:56:12) It's called a steeply fronted blast wave (01:56:15) and it pushes out and it bulldozes down (01:56:19) metaphoric every all physical Bridges go (01:56:22) down down you know um Stone splits apart (01:56:28) steel lead (01:56:30) melts 10 miles out streets become like (01:56:35) molten lava so if you survived you're (01:56:38) suddenly you know sucked (01:56:41) into a lava (01:56:43) Street um thirdd degree burns on (01:56:47) everyone anyone in a Subway is going to (01:56:50) do if they are you know 10 miles out (01:56:52) they're going to die of (01:56:54) asphixiation so 10 m would 10 miles be (01:56:59) the let's talk immediate death (01:57:02) mhm 10 miles well there's there's ra (01:57:06) there's like three rings that I write (01:57:08) about mhm specifically you know in their (01:57:10) diameters and they go out up to the (01:57:12) Washington DC zoo is kind of the edge (01:57:15) where all the animals you know have (01:57:17) their skin hanging off of them sorry (01:57:19) it's dark it's true um (01:57:23) and so then you have to think about you (01:57:28) know you have all these people dead all (01:57:29) these people now with that are far out (01:57:32) as far as 10 miles out with third degree (01:57:34) burns fourth degree burns did you even (01:57:36) know there was such a thing as a fourth (01:57:37) degree burns third degree burns require (01:57:41) a specialized (01:57:43) bed there are like 10 in Washington then (01:57:46) they've now all been obliterated in this (01:57:48) scenario people die of you know blood (01:57:51) loss imagine the projectiles from this (01:57:54) there are several hundred mile an hour (01:57:56) winds accompanying that steeply fronted (01:57:59) blast (01:58:00) wave um the buildings topple over and (01:58:04) become (01:58:05) Rubble we haven't even spoken to the (01:58:08) back that no first responder can go in (01:58:10) there for 72 hours by then the world's (01:58:13) over the situation I write an appalling (01:58:16) detail because I want you to see how (01:58:19) horrific you would hope you were in (01:58:22) inside the fireball because the further (01:58:25) out you are the worse it is when you (01:58:28) think about this the mushroom cloud that (01:58:30) we've all seen (01:58:32) right that mushroom stem and the cloud (01:58:35) is made (01:58:37) up of the remnants of people who have (01:58:40) turned into combusting (01:58:42) carbon that is the detrius of (01:58:48) civilization that's just one nuclear (01:58:51) bomb (01:58:54) so people get to see that every nuclear (01:59:01) weapon is really a mass extinction (01:59:04) weapon (01:59:06) because when you consider the black you (01:59:10) know we're talking about the ring out 10 (01:59:12) shall we say 10 10 miles (01:59:15) out what will then because all these (01:59:18) fires have started now from The Flash (01:59:21) the situation comes a mesocyclone of (01:59:25) fire is how it's described they're in a (01:59:28) matter of minutes or hours there will be (01:59:32) a 100 mile radius of fire burning (01:59:37) because there's no First (01:59:40) Responders in a (01:59:42) nuclear attack I learned this from (01:59:46) Obama's FEMA (01:59:48) director a guy called Craig Fugate who (01:59:51) did all these on the record interviews (01:59:53) with me and described to (01:59:57) me how horrific a nuclear war he was so (02:00:00) candid I went back are you sure you said (02:00:03) this this this and this it's quoted in (02:00:05) the book you know that he said the FEMA (02:00:09) does something called population (02:00:12) protection planning so earthquakes (02:00:15) floods hurricanes when these happen FEMA (02:00:18) at the ready to help the people (02:00:20) population protection planning and (02:00:22) Fugate said to me after a nuclear strike (02:00:25) there is no population protection (02:00:27) planning because everyone will be (02:00:29) dead you're on your own I said what do (02:00:32) you suggest people do and he said hope (02:00:35) that you stocked Pedialite and don't (02:00:38) forget your (02:00:41) morals that kind of (02:00:43) cander (02:00:45) from that level of a of an (02:00:49) individual made me realize people people (02:00:52) leave (02:00:53) office and become civilians again become (02:00:57) parents again and grandparents and (02:00:59) estimate and they suddenly realize like (02:01:02) nuclear war is (02:01:04) insane we cannot have a nuclear war mhm (02:01:09) mhm what do you have you talked to any (02:01:12) of your sources about likely targets (02:01:14) other than (02:01:16) DC (02:01:17) every every city in America is is a (02:01:22) target every airport in America is a (02:01:26) target every industrial base in America (02:01:29) is a (02:01:30) target maybe not for the Rogue launch (02:01:32) that happens in my scenario in the (02:01:34) beginning but as I describe in the book (02:01:38) a series of events happen should I jump (02:01:40) forward to like what really goes wrong (02:01:42) sure okay (02:01:45) so we have a really great satellite (02:01:48) system Russia does not they pretend they (02:01:52) do (02:01:53) there's is called Tundra I told you ours (02:01:56) can measure you know (02:02:01) inches from 22,000 miles up theirs (02:02:05) pretends to their system is so flawed (02:02:07) that it (02:02:08) sees clouds and (02:02:12) sunlight as exhaust as fire sometimes (02:02:17) now I sourced this not just from (02:02:19) American (02:02:20) experts but from from people who (02:02:24) are experts on Russian nuclear command (02:02:28) and control including a guy called Pavo (02:02:31) podvig who's who studied in Moscow who's (02:02:33) the liaison to the UN for Russian (02:02:36) nuclear forces so he know he would be (02:02:39) prone to giving you a different opinion (02:02:41) maybe than and he even conceded that the (02:02:44) tundra system is deeply (02:02:46) flawed and so Russia can't see Russia (02:02:50) could easily misinterpret (02:02:52) what it's what it is seeing happening (02:02:55) we're talking about once the missiles (02:02:57) start flying once America the American (02:03:00) president learns that he has to make a (02:03:04) Counterattack and our our missiles are (02:03:07) now flying and as Leon Panetta said to (02:03:09) me you're right no one thinks about mad (02:03:12) chemistry Mutual assured destruction (02:03:14) chemistry once the missiles are flying (02:03:16) and that's where the mistakes happen so (02:03:18) in the scenario a very serious (02:03:22) flaw arises which is that us icbms do (02:03:28) not have enough (02:03:29) range if we are sending icbms at North (02:03:33) Korea they have to fly over (02:03:35) Russia an actual fact confirmed by (02:03:38) Panetta by the (02:03:40) way they have to fly over Russia think (02:03:44) about the State of Affairs between (02:03:46) Russia in the United States right now I (02:03:48) don't believe the two presidents have (02:03:50) spoken in years (02:03:54) during the War General Millie couldn't (02:03:56) get his in the early days of the war (02:03:59) chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (02:04:00) General Millie couldn't get his Russian (02:04:02) counterpart on the phone when there was (02:04:04) an (02:04:05) errant erroneously reported missile (02:04:07) attack against (02:04:09) Poland couldn't get him on the phone (02:04:12) imagine a scenario where nuclear (02:04:14) missiles are flying and Russia sees (02:04:18) missiles (02:04:19) coming it would interpret at themselves (02:04:23) not even if you could get the president (02:04:26) on the phone and say trust us they're (02:04:28) going to go over you not at (02:04:30) you and so Russia makes a decision to (02:04:34) launch and when Russia launches it sends (02:04:38) a thousand nuclear weapons does that (02:04:40) mean North Korea's nuclear weapons would (02:04:43) also have to fly over (02:04:45) Russia North Korea's nuclear weapons fly (02:04:48) over Russia and China but they do not (02:04:51) have the same (02:04:53) technology that we have according to my (02:04:56) understanding of the technology to see (02:04:59) neither China nor Russia to see in real (02:05:03) time the way that we see in real (02:05:08) time any ballistic missile launch (02:05:11) anywhere on the globe only reason I'm (02:05:13) bringing that up is context yeah (02:05:19) because if they do have somewhat of a (02:05:21) capability (02:05:22) and North Korea launches a nuke at the (02:05:27) us and it does have to fly over China (02:05:29) and Russia at least in our response they (02:05:32) would have some context and they could (02:05:34) go okay we did just see one we just saw (02:05:38) one fly this way now we're going to see (02:05:41) one head West you know and and so it (02:05:44) wouldn't be 100% in the (02:05:48) blind which is a could that is a that is (02:05:52) a possibility now with that being said (02:05:54) you're also you know there would have to (02:05:55) be some type of communications and if we (02:05:57) don't have communications and we can't (02:06:00) we can't even get our counterpart uh on (02:06:03) the (02:06:04) phone (02:06:06) then and here's the fundamental problem (02:06:09) with that in terms of long thinking (02:06:12) which is that America's first nuclear (02:06:15) war plan (02:06:16) against Russia was a preemptive Nuclear (02:06:20) Strike okay a preemptive Nuclear Strike (02:06:24) Russia has been paranoid ever since (02:06:26) maybe with good reason because this is (02:06:28) how an origin story that we would do a (02:06:32) preemptive Nuclear (02:06:34) Strike um I have heard some leading (02:06:40) experts on Putin including Fiona Hill (02:06:43) who (02:06:44) advised multiple presidents so she's (02:06:46) completely (02:06:47) nonpartisan talk about (02:06:50) how the invasion of (02:06:53) Iraq profoundly impacted Putin's (02:06:56) thinking about the United States about (02:06:59) regime (02:07:00) change about a preemptive attack and how (02:07:04) dangerous that (02:07:06) is um so it's not just long history that (02:07:10) someone might be thinking of it's short (02:07:11) history more immediate history and (02:07:16) so another example of how paranoid (02:07:19) Russia has been for decad (02:07:23) decades is its system that it created (02:07:26) called the Dead Hand okay it's the the (02:07:30) the lit the literal name of it is (02:07:32) perimeter it was or this perimeter (02:07:34) system Dead Hand was originally reported (02:07:36) by a Washington Post reporter named (02:07:38) David Hoffman um like in 1999 when he (02:07:41) first learned about it right after the (02:07:43) wall had gone down before we were back (02:07:45) to this nuclear threat posturing but the (02:07:48) way the Dead Hand Works is like this (02:07:50) Russia was so par paranoid that the (02:07:53) United States was going to launch a (02:07:54) preemptive nuclear attack against it (02:07:57) during the Cold War that it created a (02:07:59) dead hand system what is that it's kind (02:08:01) of like it sounds they created a system (02:08:04) whereby ground (02:08:06) sensors would be able to (02:08:10) determine nuclear weapons hitting (02:08:13) nuclear bombs hitting the Russian soil (02:08:16) and if they weren't hearing from the (02:08:18) nuclear command and (02:08:20) control so the idea being that the (02:08:23) nuclear command and control had been (02:08:24) taken out in this preemptive nuclear (02:08:27) strike the Dead Hand (02:08:30) system would launch all of Russia's (02:08:34) remaining nuclear weapons were like (02:08:35) which were like 30,000 at the time okay (02:08:38) would launch all of them without even (02:08:41) needing a hand to push the button hence (02:08:43) the name the dead (02:08:44) hand so it set up a system (02:08:49) to launch no matter what even if we're (02:08:52) all (02:08:53) dead and the idea behind it (02:08:58) is kind of part of deterrence like don't (02:09:01) you dare launch at us or even our own (02:09:04) Dead Hand will get you and so when you (02:09:07) think about (02:09:09) that you realize there's a long history (02:09:12) of Suspicion in Russia and even more (02:09:16) terrifying is I have heard in defense (02:09:18) circles and I haven't been able to (02:09:19) confirm it but I have heard that even (02:09:22) now the US defense department is (02:09:25) thinking of creating some kind of a dead (02:09:27) hand equivalent because allegedly Russia (02:09:30) never got rid of that (02:09:32) system that's where AI would become a (02:09:35) real problem yeah that's a great point (02:09:38) that is a great point the dead AI (02:09:42) hand wow that's a great Point let's (02:09:46) let's keep with the let's go back into (02:09:49) what life looks like okay so we (02:09:53) it sounds like excuse me if I'm mistaken (02:09:55) it sounds like immediate Devastation is (02:09:58) about 10 mile radius 100 miles you're (02:10:02) going to feel effects (02:10:07) mhm what happens after (02:10:10) that so in the (02:10:12) scenario I have the president making (02:10:16) this (02:10:18) decision the BL you know the six-minute (02:10:21) window is upon him they're waiting for (02:10:24) minute 89 to have the secondary ground (02:10:26) confirmation from the from the ground (02:10:29) radar systems that happens sir it's (02:10:31) confirmed the ICBM is coming to (02:10:33) Washington then I (02:10:35) have a situation unfold between the (02:10:38) Secret Service and nuclear command and (02:10:41) control based on interviews I did with (02:10:42) Secret Service once I realized wait a (02:10:45) minute the secret service's job is to (02:10:48) protect the president as soon as the (02:10:50) Secret Service learns the the special (02:10:52) agent in charge the sack in charge of (02:10:54) the president learns that there's a (02:10:56) missile coming at Washington he's moving (02:10:58) the (02:10:59) president period (02:11:02) non-negotiable the secret service has a (02:11:04) element a a cat team counter assault (02:11:07) team they're kind of like the (02:11:10) president's version of ground branch in (02:11:12) essence a lot of guys go back and forth (02:11:15) so the counter assault team gets called (02:11:17) in by the (02:11:19) sack within the counter assault team (02:11:21) there's an even tinier group called The (02:11:24) Element an element is a three-man team a (02:11:28) three-man team is now going to move the (02:11:29) president on Air Force One out of the (02:11:31) White Hall out of the White House back (02:11:34) off right so it's a standoff who do you (02:11:37) think is going to win who has better (02:11:39) equipment we (02:11:41) do the the cat team wins they move the (02:11:45) president much to the Chagrin of the (02:11:47) stratcom commander and everybody else (02:11:48) who wants that order while they are (02:11:51) moving the president and there's a (02:11:53) problem because I learned (02:11:56) that getting a little into the weeds (02:11:58) here but I'm going (02:12:00) the there's an EMP which will happen (02:12:03) with any nuclear you're familiar with (02:12:05) that Marine one is EMP proof for (02:12:08) listeners it's an electromagnetic pulse (02:12:10) that could very easily fry the (02:12:13) electronic system on Marine one causing (02:12:15) it to crash so the sack needs to make (02:12:17) sure there are parachutes that they can (02:12:19) tandem jump the (02:12:22) president they're not in Bine one a (02:12:25) detail I learned they probably are now (02:12:27) but they weren't then so the element has (02:12:30) to swing by the White House Office grab (02:12:32) the parachutes they need one for the (02:12:34) mill Aid one for the guy who's going to (02:12:36) jump the president and one for the (02:12:39) sack they get them they get into Marine (02:12:42) one it's a while that is happening I (02:12:45) have in the scenario a second ballistic (02:12:49) missile strikes a nuclear power plant in (02:12:55) California a sub launched ballistic (02:12:58) missile now I had Ted postol I'm (02:13:01) pointing to this and Richard Garwin (02:13:04) discuss with me whether or not it was (02:13:06) plausible whether or not North Korea can (02:13:09) actually get a submarine up to the west (02:13:13) coast of the United States because we (02:13:14) know China and Russia can that's a fact (02:13:16) you learn that later in the (02:13:18) book Ken North Korea Ted postal believes (02:13:23) that they can Garwin says he doesn't (02:13:25) think they can yet I wanted to have that (02:13:28) kind of a debate available for (02:13:32) readers to think about M you just don't (02:13:35) know until you know I take you through (02:13:38) the technology of why postal thinks it's (02:13:40) possible they La the North (02:13:43) Korean sub launch ballistic missile (02:13:47) fires from a couple hundred miles off (02:13:49) the West Coast that takes less than 10 (02:13:52) minutes it's like 6 minutes or (02:13:55) something while the president is (02:13:57) deciding whether or not he's going to (02:13:59) give this counter launch and the secret (02:14:03) service is moving (02:14:05) him the power plant is hit (02:14:09) and when the nuclear the reason I chose (02:14:11) the nuclear power plant to be hit is (02:14:13) because it's the it's What's called the (02:14:15) devil's (02:14:17) scenario it's worst it's the worst of (02:14:19) the worst worst case scenario (02:14:22) and I won't get too into the read into (02:14:24) the Weeds about what happens why (02:14:29) not I want you to read the book okay but (02:14:32) no and I I shouldn't say it like that I (02:14:34) say what I mean (02:14:37) is the details you you if you're me you (02:14:40) almost can't like tell the details in (02:14:42) like a 30- second version because it's (02:14:44) so profound what happens and it's so (02:14:47) terrifying and people would say that (02:14:50) they would never do that well there (02:14:51) there's actually a rule it's called Rule (02:14:54) 42 in the international committee for (02:14:57) the Red Cross that says you will not you (02:14:59) must never (02:15:01) Strike a n a nuclear power plant that's (02:15:04) even with Kinetic weapons we're not (02:15:06) talking about nuclear weapons and so (02:15:07) when I was doing this scenario people (02:15:09) you know that were sort of mentors are (02:15:11) you sure you want to do that I mean (02:15:12) that's against the rules it was like (02:15:14) well that's the point it there are no (02:15:17) rules if you're going to play nuclear (02:15:18) war and then this is before (02:15:22) the Ukraine war unfolded and so when (02:15:24) Russia Russia has now exploded (02:15:29) weapons around the zapara nuclear power (02:15:32) plant in Ukraine eight or nine times (02:15:34) they have been on backup generator (02:15:36) that's one step away from losing power (02:15:38) that's one step away from a nuclear core (02:15:41) materials meltdown if you strike a (02:15:43) nuclear power plant directly with a (02:15:45) nuclear weapon you will have a nuclear (02:15:47) core materials meltdown the land will be (02:15:50) unin inhabited all the way to (02:15:54) Colorado are you (02:15:56) serious fact checked with Los Alamos wow (02:16:00) that's why I don't want to give it away (02:16:02) I want you to have that experience Sean (02:16:03) where you read it and you're just like (02:16:06) how is this possible and hopefully the (02:16:07) only reason you're stopping to read is (02:16:09) to go back into the notes to check is (02:16:12) this really true so that's like a third (02:16:14) of the (02:16:16) country rendered (02:16:20) uninhabitable and so that's why the (02:16:22) president agrees in the logic of this (02:16:25) scenario to the (02:16:27) 82 nuclear warhead (02:16:30) Counterattack because he learns from his (02:16:33) SEF we just got hit in a nuclear power (02:16:36) plant in California he's going to send (02:16:38) the motherload and that's what he (02:16:41) does and that is why (02:16:46) things go arise that decision to send 82 (02:16:50) so perhaps the only way the scenario (02:16:54) might have unfolded differently and I (02:16:56) did this discussion with former (02:16:57) Secretary of Defense Bill Perry because (02:16:59) we talked about this a lot because he (02:17:01) thinks about this a lot he's now in his (02:17:03) 90s and he stopped doing interviews but (02:17:05) during covid he and I did a number of (02:17:07) zooms going through these scenarios and (02:17:11) he he shared with me that you know (02:17:14) perhaps a certain kind of President (02:17:18) might (02:17:19) wait to see the (02:17:24) outcome after might not instill the (02:17:27) launch on morning policy might (02:17:30) way but once you (02:17:32) see a catastrophic attack you just the (02:17:36) emotions take over and it's (02:17:43) Revenge what is the middle of the (02:17:45) country look (02:17:47) like when so 50 some odd men minutes (02:17:51) later when Russia launches okay so (02:17:54) because the president makes the decision (02:17:57) to launch the 82 as the weapons fly he (02:18:01) launches 50 icbms and 32 (02:18:04) slbms the the 50 can be launched (02:18:08) in 60 seconds that's how long it takes (02:18:11) to launch an ICBM once the president (02:18:12) gives the command the joke is the the (02:18:15) those missiles are called Minutemen (02:18:17) because of the Revolutionary War but the (02:18:18) joke in Washington is they don't call (02:18:20) them Minutemen for nothing cuz they take (02:18:22) 60 seconds to launch mhm sub launched (02:18:25) ballistic missiles take 14 minutes from (02:18:28) the time the commander and chief gives (02:18:31) that order the sub has to get into (02:18:33) position it's a little bit more (02:18:35) complicated 14 minutes and so as the (02:18:40) clock is (02:18:42) ticking Russian early Warning Systems (02:18:46) now move into place and the Russian (02:18:48) early Warning Systems see the ballistic (02:18:52) missiles (02:18:54) coming over the pole and interpret them (02:18:58) as coming for thems for them and then (02:19:01) there other you know and I went through (02:19:03) experts that are know all about the (02:19:05) Russian early Warning Systems to take (02:19:07) the reader through how this (02:19:10) happens and then you go into the command (02:19:13) bunker where the Pres the Russian (02:19:14) president is with his advisers who are (02:19:18) all almost certainly Hawks who are are (02:19:21) all almost certainly extremely (02:19:24) suspicious of the United (02:19:27) States and they advise (02:19:29) him and so a (02:19:32) thousand nuclear warheads get get (02:19:35) launched at the United States so when (02:19:36) you ask what happens to the middle of (02:19:37) the country think of a thousand targets (02:19:41) I have a map drawn based on defense (02:19:43) department targets doe you know (02:19:46) different documents that have been (02:19:47) released over the years leaked (02:19:51) um guesstimated the whole country is (02:19:55) obliterated and then you have a 100 to (02:19:58) 300 square (02:20:00) mile Ring of (02:20:02) Fire a mega fire that's now producing (02:20:05) its own weather you have a thousand of (02:20:09) them people die from rad you know (02:20:14) blast they die (02:20:16) from uh you know objects flying through (02:20:19) the air they die from immediate (02:20:22) radiation (02:20:23) poisoning um and they die from fire a (02:20:27) thousand (02:20:28) times and then in we talk about the (02:20:31) survivors have you looked at what (02:20:32) immediate radiation poisoning looks (02:20:34) like for that I tell the story of and (02:20:38) again this stuff is (02:20:40) like okay how do you get how do you (02:20:43) where is that information well I found (02:20:45) that information there was a guy called (02:20:48) Lou (02:20:49) sloten Who was an original man Manhattan (02:20:51) Project (02:20:52) member and his death was Declassified by (02:20:56) Los Alamos the doctor's report on his (02:20:59) death after he died of radiation (02:21:01) poisoning and I I source that precisely (02:21:04) throughout the book as the you know it's (02:21:07) a ticking time clock scenario but I stop (02:21:09) and give you little history lessons at (02:21:11) moments where you might ask like you (02:21:13) just asked me that question I give the (02:21:15) reader what does radiation poisoning (02:21:17) look like and I tell the story of Louis (02:21:19) loton he was he was a member of the (02:21:21) Manhattan Project and after the war was (02:21:23) over he was like I don't want to keep (02:21:25) making nuclear bombs I'm out and they (02:21:27) were like okay that's fine but you have (02:21:29) to train the next guy and so at Los (02:21:32) Alamos they went out into this little (02:21:35) site kind of outside of the lab in the (02:21:37) forest the building's still there it's a (02:21:40) historical building now and um sloon was (02:21:43) training the next guy how to like work (02:21:45) with the with the plutonium core uranium (02:21:47) core like this is the center of the bomb (02:21:50) and they were doing this experiment that (02:21:52) was so dangerous it was called tickling (02:21:54) the dragon's (02:21:56) tail and sloon is working on this and (02:22:00) and it it (02:22:01) drops and the so everybody takes off (02:22:07) and sloten what happens to him is like (02:22:11) documented in seconds he dies eight or (02:22:15) nine days later um this had been (02:22:17) classified for a very long time but it's (02:22:19) been Declassified and you can you just (02:22:21) learn what happens to his body I mean (02:22:24) you know where the the the hands blow up (02:22:28) the skin you know essentially peels off (02:22:30) I mean it just is so grotesque you (02:22:32) really want me to describe it yeah (02:22:35) absolutely I mean they tried everything (02:22:39) like blood transfusions and you know his (02:22:42) your body swells up um they're put (02:22:46) they're debriding his hands they're (02:22:48) putting Vaseline on them his (02:22:52) insides begin to the radiation ruins the (02:22:57) lining on your organs and so you (02:23:00) essentially just (02:23:01) become like it almost reminded me of I (02:23:05) read a description once of what happens (02:23:06) to an a Bola (02:23:08) patient it's like that like your the (02:23:11) lining SS away and so your organs start (02:23:14) to merge and you just have sepsis and (02:23:17) then you get gang green and then you die (02:23:21) and when they cut you open you're just (02:23:22) like soup inside it's like a (02:23:29) blender it's a horrific way to die (02:23:32) that's acute radiation poisoning the (02:23:35) really Sinister thing about radiation (02:23:38) poisoning is how first of all it's (02:23:41) invisible you know um it's not like a (02:23:44) burn and the degrees of radiation (02:23:48) poisoning are not necessarily dependent (02:23:51) on proximity to the (02:23:53) bomb and of course the if you're really (02:23:55) close you know cyanara but you can have (02:24:01) acute radiation poisoning far away from (02:24:04) one of the things about the nuclear (02:24:05) power plant exploding that's just so (02:24:07) crazy is that um it's not just the (02:24:10) nuclear core materials meltdown of the (02:24:12) actual nuclear reactor it's that every (02:24:15) nuclear facility has spent fuel rods (02:24:19) those are the rods that you to power the (02:24:22) the the nuclear generator they're in (02:24:24) cooling pools right (02:24:27) nearby and they're incredibly (02:24:29) radioactive and when those blast apart (02:24:32) the pieces of the spent fuel rods become (02:24:35) entrained in the cloud so in that (02:24:39) mushroom stem you have all this (02:24:42) radioactive material that's like the (02:24:44) size of a marble or a pencil that's how (02:24:45) it was described to me and it goes up in (02:24:47) the cloud and then it moves and then (02:24:49) it's dropped (02:24:52) one of those drops near (02:24:56) you you have Louis loton type poisoning (02:25:00) man (02:25:02) man where would the survivors (02:25:05) be so are you familiar at all with the (02:25:08) nuclear winter Theory no okay so nuclear (02:25:11) winter theory was (02:25:14) originally written in 1983 do you know (02:25:17) have you heard of Carl (02:25:18) San no okay Carl San was an (02:25:21) astrophysicist who like became very (02:25:24) famous in the 80 70s and ' 80s and then (02:25:26) he died tragically of cancer but he he (02:25:30) became a real proponent an anti-nuclear (02:25:33) weapons (02:25:34) proponent um and he and his Stu and and (02:25:39) a number of people wrote this Theory (02:25:41) called nuclear winter where they climb (02:25:43) they modeled out what would (02:25:45) happen after the (02:25:49) fires stopped St burning so you have all (02:25:53) these fires and again we're just talking (02:25:55) about the thousand in the United States (02:25:56) the US launched in my scenario a (02:25:59) thousand at Russia because we don't just (02:26:01) go you know (02:26:03) okay we're going to we're all going to (02:26:05) die so we're just going to let all of (02:26:07) you guys live we launch and for reasons (02:26:10) why I take you through that so you have (02:26:13) you know 2,000 3,000 nuclear weapons (02:26:15) that have gone off and the modeling on (02:26:18) that suggests that after all the fires (02:26:21) sto burning this is state-of-the-art (02:26:24) climate modeling updated since the 1983 (02:26:27) nuclear winter Theory so this is still (02:26:29) the nuclear winter Theory but now with (02:26:31) the (02:26:32) technology instead of scientists like (02:26:34) doing you know calculations on paper (02:26:36) with old computers these are (02:26:39) like really Advanced Computer Systems (02:26:41) confirming all of this the fires will (02:26:44) Loft into the air (02:26:48) 330 billion (02:26:50) pounds of (02:26:53) soot goes up into the troposphere and (02:26:56) blocks out the sun 70% of the sun's (02:27:01) Rays (02:27:03) disappear and so hence nuclear winter (02:27:09) suddenly in places like across the mid (02:27:12) latitudes of the globe you (02:27:15) have all bodies become all bodies of (02:27:18) water fresh water bodies become ice (02:27:21) the ice at the Arctic Circle (02:27:23) doubles um you have a temperature drop (02:27:27) around the earth between 27 and (02:27:30) 40° w wow places like Iowa and Ukraine (02:27:35) bread baskets of the world they become (02:27:38) Frozen for 8 9 10 (02:27:40) years agriculture (02:27:43) fails so now you have people any (02:27:47) survivors who are you know malnourished (02:27:51) suffering from radiation poisoning (02:27:54) everyone who they know is (02:27:56) dead fighting over a tiny amount of (02:28:03) resources when the sun (02:28:06) returns you think the sun's back out but (02:28:10) the ozone layer has been destroyed so (02:28:12) the sun will give you radiation (02:28:15) poisoning so people have to live (02:28:18) underground and this interesting detail (02:28:21) I (02:28:23) found was that was shared with me was (02:28:25) that like the small bodied animals the (02:28:28) sort of insects they can bounce back (02:28:31) faster and they will reproduce faster (02:28:33) than hum than large-bodied animals like (02:28:36) you and me and so you have pathogens you (02:28:39) have plague you have like all these (02:28:41) horrific you know plagues that come with (02:28:44) insects and abundance of index never (02:28:47) mind all the that the five billion (02:28:49) people who died (02:28:51) I mean at some point their bodies Tha (02:28:53) out think about that that's like dark (02:28:57) Beyond (02:28:59) dark um one of the original authors of (02:29:01) the nuclear winter theory is a guy (02:29:03) called Professor Brian tun and I (02:29:05) interviewed him for the book he's been (02:29:07) on this issue since he was Carl Sean's (02:29:10) student in the in 1983 when he when he (02:29:13) was one of the original five authors and (02:29:15) he took me through all of this you know (02:29:17) and he said to me Annie 66 million years (02:29:21) ago an (02:29:22) asteroid struck the planet killed the (02:29:26) dinosaurs and (02:29:28) 70% of the species that we know of he (02:29:31) said nuclear war would not be unlike (02:29:35) that so you have to ask yourself you (02:29:38) know there's nothing we can do about an (02:29:40) asteroid strike but there is something (02:29:42) we can do (02:29:44) about nuclear war (02:29:52) this isn't a nation ending event this is (02:29:55) a it's a civilization ending event (02:29:58) civilization meaning civilized (02:30:02) man civilized (02:30:04) man Einstein was (02:30:08) asked if he had like about what weapons (02:30:11) he thought World War III would be fought (02:30:14) with and his response is said to have (02:30:16) been I know not with what weapons World (02:30:20) War II will be fought but World War 4 (02:30:23) will be fought with sticks and (02:30:28) stones so after a nuclear war man (02:30:32) returns to his hunter gatherer (02:30:36) State and the philosophical question I (02:30:38) find so interesting to think about is (02:30:41) like here we (02:30:43) are humans who have moved in the past (02:30:46) 12,000 years from hunter gatherers (02:30:51) to like look at us podcasts (02:30:55) microphones I flew here there's a probe (02:30:59) on (02:31:00) Mars do you (02:31:03) think I'm going to go down a rabbit hole (02:31:07) and you can entertain it or not but um (02:31:10) have you looked at any of the have you (02:31:13) looked at anybody (02:31:17) like I don't want to mention any names (02:31:19) if you looked at anybody or looked into (02:31:22) kind of the cataclysm type stuff and and (02:31:26) how civilization just restarts over and (02:31:29) over and over again you have what do you (02:31:31) think of that yeah I mean we started out (02:31:33) this conference I'll read I read all (02:31:35) things do you think that this has (02:31:37) happened before I mean I don't know but (02:31:41) sometimes I try to counter what could be (02:31:44) perceived as (02:31:46) conspiracy conspiratorial thinking shall (02:31:48) we say with maybe a more (02:31:53) bookish you know concept which is (02:31:55) actually the same thing right so let me (02:31:57) go back at you with this that there's (02:32:00) there was a paper written by like two (02:32:03) nerds and I say that love like two guys (02:32:05) with probably they probably have like (02:32:07) five phds and you can Google it it's (02:32:09) called the (02:32:10) saluran concept and I think they took (02:32:13) the name off of a doctor who character (02:32:17) if I'm not mistaken and an interesting (02:32:19) thing to think about in my experience (02:32:21) digressing for a second before a lot of (02:32:24) times like super intelligent PhD people (02:32:27) Nobel laurates science Geniuses they (02:32:31) read science fiction they like to think (02:32:34) about the very Concepts that you just (02:32:38) suggested and when you think about it (02:32:40) that's where a lot of DARPA Concepts (02:32:42) come from you know you could say Jules (02:32:45) ver you know thought about the submarine (02:32:49) before right mhm um so the curan concept (02:32:53) where these (02:32:54) two PhD (02:32:57) people imagining if this if what you (02:33:00) propose is true that there had been (02:33:03) Advanced civilizations before how would (02:33:06) we present day man see it in the (02:33:10) geological record which is actually a (02:33:13) really brilliant thought not talking (02:33:15) about like ancient archaeology that's (02:33:18) like that you're talking about (02:33:20) you know 12,000 years ago they're (02:33:23) talking about a million years ago 2 (02:33:25) million years ago or (02:33:28) Beyond um and their the only way to to (02:33:32) know about that would be to look in the (02:33:35) geological record and I think that is (02:33:39) really interesting to think about two (02:33:40) things one that like that's where it (02:33:42) would be and two that all kinds of (02:33:47) people wonder that and why wouldn't you (02:33:49) wonder that it's a little bit like (02:33:52) wondering are we alone mhm I sometimes (02:33:55) think of geology and as you know I (02:33:59) people look up to the cosmos and get (02:34:01) really inspired I often look I look at (02:34:03) the ground I can drive and through the (02:34:07) Sierra Nevadas and look at the mountains (02:34:09) and have that same thought like what was (02:34:13) here (02:34:14) before like a long time (02:34:16) before reason I'm asking is you if you I (02:34:20) think it's turkey if you there's all (02:34:22) these (02:34:23) [Music] (02:34:25) underground they're like underground (02:34:27) cities you know and I I believe it's (02:34:30) turkey they (02:34:31) have I wish I had more facts on this I (02:34:34) don't think we were going to go here but (02:34:35) um I mean it seems like hundreds of (02:34:38) thousands of people could could live in (02:34:42) these underground cities they never end (02:34:44) they never find the end of them (02:34:47) and nobody knows why they were built (02:34:50) and then you're saying the only way you (02:34:52) could survive is (02:34:54) underground yes I I know (02:34:57) that site I mean it's very very (02:35:00) interesting and I love thinking (02:35:03) about those exact questions that you (02:35:05) raise in in the end of nuclear war (02:35:08) scenario I take the reader to a (02:35:11) different ancient site in Turkey CU (02:35:14) turkeyy is like super interesting they (02:35:15) seem to have these incredibly old sites (02:35:19) that are almost now newly becoming not (02:35:22) necessarily discovered but becoming sort (02:35:24) of more people are aware of them um and (02:35:27) I learned that that has to do with a (02:35:29) bias from the archaeological world that (02:35:31) used to look down on Turkey like Greece (02:35:33) and Rome or everything but turkey it's a (02:35:35) Backwater ignore it so I write about go (02:35:38) Beckle tap which is a (02:35:42) site in turkey that is the oldest known (02:35:49) civilization to date like the old before (02:35:53) it was found in the mid90s by an (02:35:57) archaeologist named CLA Schmidt and I (02:35:59) interviewed the young student who was (02:36:01) with him Schmidt died but I interviewed (02:36:03) Michael morsh about finding this site (02:36:06) okay because before this site was found (02:36:09) there was the archaeologists all had one (02:36:11) idea about man they had this idea that (02:36:16) about civilization rather that man were (02:36:18) hunter gatherers Primitives and then (02:36:22) suddenly uh man figured out how to (02:36:24) domesticate animals and (02:36:27) agriculture evolved and led to (02:36:31) Civilization by civilization that means (02:36:35) groups of people doing things (02:36:37) together a team mhm well gockley Tey was (02:36:42) Unearthed and there's I have pictures of (02:36:45) it in the book it's it was a (02:36:48) site with it's like Centric circles (02:36:52) almost like a stadium an ancient Stadium (02:36:55) massive with giant 20 foot (02:37:00) tall carved Stone (02:37:03) pillars covered with non-domesticated (02:37:06) animals by the way cranes ebis (02:37:11) foxes they were hunter gatherers they (02:37:14) had not domesticated animals yet as far (02:37:16) as we can tell certainly given the age (02:37:18) of everything there but they they were (02:37:20) smart enough to create architectural (02:37:23) plans you can't build something like (02:37:25) that with like a group of you know (02:37:28) hunter gatherers you have to really have (02:37:30) a team so it's (02:37:34) upended the way that archaeologists get (02:37:36) to think about man and about the birth (02:37:38) of (02:37:40) civilization and it's super interesting (02:37:43) and what interests me in terms of this (02:37:44) book is exactly on the question that (02:37:47) you're interested in and so am I which (02:37:49) is like (02:37:50) well it's like a two-fold question one (02:37:53) what was going on before okay and (02:37:57) two why is it that we the Royal we a (02:38:00) group of people like get to decide this (02:38:03) is what it was and this is how it is (02:38:05) it's just going to be that way because (02:38:07) we tell you so mhm and you have to (02:38:09) balance that out with like some crazy (02:38:12) idea that I might have you know out on a (02:38:15) hike um but it is worth thinking about (02:38:20) and I think that it opens the mind (02:38:24) up to a lot more wonder and also a lot (02:38:27) more (02:38:30) flexibility it makes you think makes it (02:38:33) definitely makes you think and you know (02:38:36) it's (02:38:39) it's we're kind of off on a tangent now (02:38:42) but I mean I just how was how how were (02:38:45) we not aware of this stuff (02:38:48) before the exist of these incredible (02:38:51) sites in Turkey yeah I mean or any of (02:38:54) them any during Co I went down (02:38:57) archaological rabbit hole because right (02:39:00) and like I bought a bunch of books on (02:39:02) eBay cuz here's the thing if you read (02:39:06) the original books or rather you you go (02:39:09) back in time and you read books that (02:39:11) were printed then you can get a really (02:39:13) interesting different Sense on what (02:39:15) historians say about (02:39:17) it and so I read all these books (02:39:21) archaeology only really began in sort of (02:39:24) the late (02:39:26) 1800s and I and I have these books like (02:39:29) what people were actually saying at the (02:39:31) time about the sites they were (02:39:33) uncovering the goods which they stole (02:39:35) which are now you know in the Lou and (02:39:37) the British Museum and everywhere and it (02:39:39) was that's where I got that I kind of (02:39:41) figured out that it had to do with a (02:39:45) group of people at the time who were the (02:39:47) leading experts the British and the (02:39:50) French (02:39:52) deciding this is important we're going (02:39:54) to study this and we're going to ignore (02:39:56) the rest of it and that's why turkey got (02:39:58) ignored for a long (02:40:00) time up until like the (02:40:04) 1950s (02:40:06) wow interesting interesting stuff you (02:40:09) know it's it's I i' never really I've (02:40:13) watched a couple documentaries on (02:40:16) it and you know the the the the (02:40:20) commonality between all of them is what (02:40:22) what were these people hiding from why (02:40:23) were they going underground I mean (02:40:26) thousands and it could hold thousands (02:40:28) and thousands of people and if I (02:40:31) remember correctly I mean there's (02:40:34) there's I don't know if Plumbing is the (02:40:37) right word but I mean they have Plumbing (02:40:39) they (02:40:40) have they had everything you know it was (02:40:43) it was capable of holding and I never it (02:40:47) never occurred to me to think that it (02:40:49) could (02:40:50) be (02:40:52) possibly excuse (02:40:54) me some type of nuclear fallout (02:40:58) shter and it's I mean almost certainly (02:41:01) it had to do with (02:41:03) Warfare that you would create I think (02:41:06) it's called Darian Kirk is that right (02:41:08) Darian man I don't know I don't know I (02:41:11) mean almost certainly it has to do with (02:41:16) defense but to create that much of a (02:41:20) system (02:41:25) underground begs many many many (02:41:27) questions (02:41:30) and I think that that's also like (02:41:33) why that idea of Science (02:41:37) Fiction is so interesting here's a quote (02:41:41) from (02:41:41) DARPA that the DARPA director said when (02:41:45) I was reporting that book which is here (02:41:47) at DARPA we're where science fiction (02:41:50) becomes science (02:41:53) fact right so you're making me (02:41:58) think that site is like a perfect place (02:42:01) for like a science fiction (02:42:03) novel or dot dot (02:42:06) dot because then when you begin to look (02:42:08) at it and archaeologists are studying it (02:42:10) you realize there is scientific fact (02:42:12) here and how do you reverse (02:42:15) engineer the truth about that what it is (02:42:18) yeah I think only with people having (02:42:20) eyes on it which is why I think you and (02:42:23) I both appreciate all these different uh (02:42:28) ideas that people bring to the table you (02:42:30) don't have to agree with all of them but (02:42:32) they certainly anything that gets my (02:42:34) mind going I I consider a value me too (02:42:37) me too it kind of uh it kind of I don't (02:42:41) understand people that just shut it off (02:42:43) you know it's like we were talking about (02:42:45) at the beginning they're they're they (02:42:50) people get too (02:42:53) into political figures their side of (02:42:56) things it's it's it's people are just (02:42:59) too one-sided and uh I don't know I (02:43:03) don't know why there are not more (02:43:04) critical (02:43:05) thinkers but um but uh man I love (02:43:10) talking to you about this stuff by the (02:43:12) way this is great conversation you know (02:43:14) this is what it makes me think about and (02:43:16) and I'm really going to go on a tangent (02:43:17) here it makes me think about what Hill (02:43:19) do you want to die on right so so can I (02:43:23) tangent here can I absolutely (02:43:26) so I personally think the (02:43:29) more different kinds of people you can (02:43:32) talk to the more interesting (02:43:35) ideas you can hold in your brain the (02:43:39) more flexible you can be in your (02:43:40) thinking and (02:43:43) then the (02:43:45) more amicable you are right so the more (02:43:48) the more more well in you are to (02:43:50) different kinds of people and so you (02:43:52) just said like what hill what hill are (02:43:54) you going to die on right what why do (02:43:55) people get so set in their ways and I'm (02:43:57) just jumping tangent here (02:43:59) but at the hotel where I'm staying here (02:44:02) I am in Tennessee I haven't been here (02:44:04) since I was 20 years old and I'm I look (02:44:08) at the geology a lot of places and (02:44:10) outside the window of the hotel there's (02:44:13) like I didn't realize Tennessee had so (02:44:15) many (02:44:15) Hills okay and (02:44:20) that concept I immediately had this (02:44:22) flashback to Billy wall okay because the (02:44:26) concept of what Hiller you're going to (02:44:27) die on comes from Vietnam at least (02:44:30) according to W did you know this I (02:44:32) didn't okay and I didn't either until he (02:44:34) told me but I went with Billy W back to (02:44:38) Vietnam we were going to go to Kayon I (02:44:40) wanted do you know about keson I don't (02:44:43) okay Quon is like it's like the (02:44:45) equivalent of fujia okay in the Vietnam (02:44:47) War I mean it was (02:44:50) it was the it was the the fight for (02:44:53) keson as a Marine base was (02:44:57) just it's astounding how important that (02:45:00) place was because it was the closest to (02:45:02) North Vietnam and what happened there (02:45:06) and the books that have it's just so (02:45:08) tragic to me that it's like completely (02:45:09) lost to history but it was this (02:45:11) incredibly important base all kinds of (02:45:13) Americans died there Billy W and I went (02:45:16) back there because that's where his he (02:45:19) was with unit called MC V SOG which is (02:45:21) kind of the precursor to ground Branch (02:45:23) really to it was special activities (02:45:25) Division and they had a base underground (02:45:28) a base beneath the base surrounded by (02:45:30) concertino wild that's how classified (02:45:33) MCV SG missions were because they were (02:45:35) the cross border missions into T (02:45:38) LA (02:45:40) and we go back to keson and we were in a (02:45:43) little hotel just like like not that far (02:45:46) from the hotel I'm staying in and there (02:45:47) I am standing with Billy wall looking (02:45:49) out the window at these Hills not unlike (02:45:52) the hills in (02:45:54) Tennessee and that's when he explained (02:45:57) to me you know where the expression what (02:45:59) hill are you going to die on comes (02:46:01) from (02:46:03) okay wow and he tell I'm like no tell me (02:46:08) and that hill and now if you look up (02:46:11) anything about Vietnam and for your (02:46:13) older listeners they're sitting there (02:46:14) going uh-huh uh-huh I mean the (02:46:18) expression let's take that hill and it's (02:46:22) so powerful and so important and so (02:46:25) tragic at the same time because that is (02:46:28) what was being done all these American (02:46:31) boys these young soldiers Billy was an (02:46:33) old Soldier I mean by then he was Billy (02:46:35) was different he was the guy who raised (02:46:37) his hand and said send me you know but (02:46:40) so many of these young kids that were (02:46:43) sent to war died taking the hill it was (02:46:47) like the defense department was like we (02:46:48) need that hill and in quesan you could (02:46:51) see them out the window that you could (02:46:53) just see the (02:46:54) hills and it makes and and then I when I (02:46:58) was studying the war on terror and (02:46:59) writing about it you know and I think (02:47:01) about that with like the people I've (02:47:03) interviewed who so many of their friends (02:47:05) died you know essentially taking a hill (02:47:07) not a hill but fig you know figuratively (02:47:10) MH and then here we are talking about (02:47:13) the same idea which is like what hill (02:47:15) are you going to die on you know why is (02:47:18) it so important to be (02:47:20) right about an idea which you only know (02:47:24) some of (02:47:26) yeah yeah that's a great (02:47:29) Point let's take another break uh when (02:47:32) we come back I'd like to talk a little (02:47:35) bit about global strategy with uh (02:47:39) nuclear warfare sound good yeah anything (02:47:42) you (02:47:45) want those of you that have been around (02:47:47) SRS for a while know that we take mental (02:47:49) heal Health very seriously here so (02:47:52) seriously that in almost every episode (02:47:54) you'll find a segment where we discuss (02:47:56) how to improve your mental health and (02:47:59) part of improving your mental health is (02:48:02) keeping your mind sharp and part of (02:48:04) keeping your mind sharp is giving it the (02:48:07) fuel that it needs to balance energy (02:48:10) Focus cognition (02:48:13) and just regenerating your brain that (02:48:16) triggered me to go on a journey to find (02:48:18) the supplement that's ports 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between the behind the (02:50:12) scenes content is constantly evolving (02:50:15) and will continue to bring you more as (02:50:17) we grow you can gain access for for just (02:50:19) $15 a month exclusively at vigilance (02:50:23) Elite (02:50:27) patreon all right Annie we're back from (02:50:29) the break we're going to get into some (02:50:32) World strategy when it comes to nuclear (02:50:35) warfare so we've kind of talked about if (02:50:39) North Korea sends nuclear warheads to (02:50:42) the US US returns they have to fly over (02:50:45) Russia Russia fires on us pretty much (02:50:48) automatically it sounds (02:50:50) like what about the other what Six (02:50:53) Nations that have this type of (02:50:56) capability what what are they going to (02:50:59) do so the scenario I write takes place (02:51:02) in 72 (02:51:04) minutes when the EMP nuclear weapon goes (02:51:09) off earlier than that that was there all (02:51:12) along launched into space by North Korea (02:51:15) disguised as as a radio satellite it (02:51:18) takes out the entire grid that's what an (02:51:22) EMP exploded 300 miles over the center (02:51:26) of the country would (02:51:28) do it's just a massive failure of it's a (02:51:32) colossal failure of everything (02:51:35) electric and so in essence the ability (02:51:39) to understand what anyone is doing (02:51:41) outside what you can physically see (02:51:45) disappears so for that reason (02:51:49) we that's where the scenario ends other (02:51:52) than nuclear winter meaning what did (02:51:54) China do what did India and Pakistan (02:51:59) do I don't know but it was done (02:52:02) specifically for that idea that (02:52:05) continues to interest me is how did man (02:52:08) become civilized mhm how did we go from (02:52:13) how did we figure out how to (02:52:15) write you know we only know so much (02:52:18) about history (02:52:19) back to where people started writing it (02:52:21) down it's just guesswork before then (02:52:24) archaeological (02:52:26) interpretation so man you know 5,000 BC (02:52:30) figures out how to (02:52:31) write that wasn't that long so we've had (02:52:34) a 7,000 year run of (02:52:37) history and once All Electronics cease (02:52:42) in the world in which we live today just (02:52:44) the information (02:52:46) goes all everything on your computer is (02:52:49) gone MH who writes lonand anymore (02:52:53) besides me and a couple of others not (02:52:56) very many people not very many (02:52:58) people um so it's the end of (02:53:01) civilization it's the end of History (02:53:04) meaning the ability to report what (02:53:08) happened that's for that same reason I (02:53:10) don't get into the geopolitics in my (02:53:12) book in the scenario of why it happens (02:53:17) many books have been written about that (02:53:19) the geopolitical maneuvering China the (02:53:22) long game the you know the great Powers (02:53:25) all of that that's been written by many (02:53:26) people and it's very interesting to (02:53:28) think about but it's not part of this (02:53:30) book this book is here's what (02:53:32) happens once the missile launches okay (02:53:37) did any of your (02:53:38) sources start to tangent into that by (02:53:42) chance interestingly not interestingly (02:53:45) not no I mean we just kept the focus you (02:53:47) only have so much time with the Source (02:53:49) you know and you might want to just pull (02:53:51) them back in there were there were (02:53:53) reasons to think about that in terms of (02:53:56) um my other books for sure usually it's (02:53:59) about how did we (02:54:02) deter the Soviet Union right the whole (02:54:04) the cia's (02:54:06) paramilitary which you know about from (02:54:09) direct personal experience was set up to (02:54:12) counter The Vicious activities of the (02:54:16) Soviet Union as if they were trying what (02:54:18) whatever they were doing it was trying (02:54:20) to weaken the United States and then (02:54:23) attack us with nuclear weapons so I've (02:54:25) I've looked at it from all these (02:54:26) different angles but in in this book (02:54:28) it's just game on then what happens okay (02:54:33) and you you picked you picked North (02:54:37) Korea (02:54:39) because cuz gar Canon made me think (02:54:44) about this idea of a Mad King the sort (02:54:48) of madman with a nuclear Arsenal (02:54:51) which I mean I think your reference to (02:54:54) suicide bombers is and it's a reason why (02:54:59) most people in the west would tell you (02:55:01) that Iran should not never have a (02:55:04) nuclear bomb I mean the fundamentals of (02:55:08) their of their governance is re you know (02:55:13) religion-based and their ideas about the (02:55:18) the end of the world world are (02:55:20) frightening I mean they are a very (02:55:23) apocalyptic um they are very apocalyptic (02:55:26) in their thinking like the apocalypse is (02:55:29) fine that's not someone you want with a (02:55:31) nuclear Arsenal yeah yeah no (02:55:36) kidding um do you know how (02:55:39) many how many nuclear warheads the the (02:55:42) other six countries have how many does (02:55:44) India have and and also just to just to (02:55:48) like shout out to anyone who wants to (02:55:50) nerd out on this is that there's an (02:55:53) organization led by a guy called Hans (02:55:56) Christensen he writes the nuclear (02:55:59) notebook with a team of people Matt (02:56:02) Corda Ilana (02:56:03) Reynolds and that's at inside the (02:56:08) Federation of American (02:56:10) scientists and they keep track of the (02:56:13) nuclear warheads to the best of their (02:56:17) ability based on what is transparent (02:56:20) that's why they change every year so (02:56:22) they write these long monographs which (02:56:25) are profoundly important to people like (02:56:28) me who has what where what we know about (02:56:31) them and why really important to (02:56:36) understand the system of systems we're (02:56:38) up against so my information comes from (02:56:42) them and so (02:56:45) China last year was reported to have 4 (02:56:48) 400 nuclear weapons this year they have (02:56:52) 500 that is deeply concerning the (02:56:55) defense department believes that in the (02:56:57) next 10 years China will have (02:57:02) 1,500 that's deeply concerning Russia is (02:57:05) not building new nuclear weapons (02:57:07) allegedly neither are we India and (02:57:11) Pakistan are said to have or understood (02:57:13) to have (02:57:15) about 165 I think it is each okay when (02:57:18) you really drill down on it you realize (02:57:22) that we don't really know the report the (02:57:25) transparency from (02:57:27) them is limited and how much (02:57:30) intelligence the agency has on it is (02:57:34) anyone's (02:57:35) guess what about our allies what about (02:57:37) UK and (02:57:39) France uh UK I believe has about 200 and (02:57:44) I'm forgetting the exact number of (02:57:45) France right now but the UK is (02:57:47) interesting because they have reduced (02:57:50) their weapon (02:57:52) systems down to only (02:57:56) submarines which is really interesting a (02:57:59) lot of disarmament Advocates believe (02:58:01) that the United States for Safety and (02:58:04) Security reasons should get rid of the (02:58:06) icbms that they're just too dangerous (02:58:09) that the nuclear armed nuclear powerered (02:58:13) submarines they have enough capacity to (02:58:16) end civilization in a single Le (02:58:18) submarine we have 14 of (02:58:21) them so why do you need all of the other (02:58:25) equipment well you can get into that (02:58:27) whole like sort of deterrent spin but (02:58:30) that is a legitimate point that the (02:58:33) icbms are dangerous the icbms are the (02:58:35) one also also that could be (02:58:38) misinterpreted as coming over the pole (02:58:41) you know the sub launched ballistic (02:58:43) missiles can land on a Target in under (02:58:45) 10 minutes there's a document that I (02:58:48) located in a budget request from the (02:58:51) Pentagon um asking for more money from (02:58:54) Congress and one of the re one of the (02:58:57) reasons they ask for more money has to (02:58:59) do with the threats from the (02:59:02) submarines that are owned by China and (02:59:05) Russia and I had never seen this map (02:59:08) before I reprint it in the book so that (02:59:10) people do not take my word for it (02:59:11) they're like can say holy (02:59:14) wow you can't tell where a submarine is (02:59:18) moving moving in real time they're (02:59:20) stealthy as Admiral Connor told me he (02:59:23) was the former commander of the nuclear (02:59:25) sub forces for the United States he said (02:59:27) to me Annie it's easier to find a (02:59:32) grapefruit sized object in space than it (02:59:36) is to find a nuclear submarine Under the (02:59:40) Sea are you serious how stealth that's (02:59:44) from the man who ran the program Okay so (02:59:49) these are not called handmaidens of the (02:59:52) Apocalypse for (02:59:54) nothing they can really do everything (02:59:56) that you would never want to have happen (02:59:59) so why do we need the icbms why do we (03:00:03) need the bombers the bombers aren't even (03:00:05) going to get to The Targets in time I (03:00:07) learned from the bomber Pilots they have (03:00:10) a multi-hour trip the the whole scenario (03:00:14) ends in 72 (03:00:17) minutes that you could say has to do (03:00:19) with posturing has to do with the (03:00:21) perception of deterrence and has to do (03:00:23) with the N the military-industrial (03:00:27) complex which is I'm not talking about (03:00:28) fighter jets for conventional Warfare (03:00:30) I'm just talking about the B-52s and the (03:00:33) b2s that carry our 66 nuclear capable (03:00:38) bombers and they're very threatening you (03:00:40) know whenever we want North Korea to (03:00:43) know we mean business we do like drills (03:00:46) over the Korean peninsula (03:00:49) I mean is that agitating or is (03:00:53) it I don't (03:00:59) know I think it just it lets them know (03:01:01) we're watching and we've got our eye on (03:01:05) them could be taken as a threat (03:01:08) but and it probably is but I I don't I (03:01:14) mean the leader of North Korea recently (03:01:17) said America has a Sinister intention to (03:01:20) provoke nuclear (03:01:22) war when I hear or read that and then I (03:01:26) think about the UN Secretary General (03:01:28) saying we're one misunderstanding one (03:01:31) miscalculation away from nuclear arm (03:01:34) again it's the word miscalculation that (03:01:36) troubles meh that's what the scenario is (03:01:39) built upon because the (03:01:42) miscalculation can't be undone in the (03:01:44) same way that the ballistic missile (03:01:46) can't be recalled (03:01:48) once it (03:01:49) Sparks it's fire and dry (03:01:52) grass (03:01:56) yeah man it's (03:01:58) uh I would love to dive into it I don't (03:02:01) know how it would go but I would love to (03:02:03) I mean especially with with bricks are (03:02:07) you familiar with (03:02:08) bricks Brazil Russia India China South (03:02:13) Africa it's a it's basically it's like (03:02:16) the counterpart to Nato mhm (03:02:21) and India Russia (03:02:26) China they're all in there you know and (03:02:28) and (03:02:31) uh I feel like a nuclear attack would (03:02:41) be could turn into an alliance against (03:02:45) us instead of just one country and then (03:02:48) a misunderstanding you know I feel like (03:02:51) China would probably be in there as (03:02:54) well one of the and Pakistan one of the (03:02:59) more sort of keeps you up at night (03:03:04) things to consider is (03:03:05) that and again this is just from (03:03:07) interviews I did where we did kind of (03:03:09) discuss the geopolitical ideas about (03:03:12) things is that Russia has thought about (03:03:16) nuclear weapons for a long time their (03:03:18) command and control has been in place (03:03:21) since 1949 when they got the bomb the (03:03:25) countries that have newer nuclear (03:03:27) weapons do not have that (03:03:31) same long lens of (03:03:33) history (03:03:35) and if you also consider what I was told (03:03:40) about the knowledge depth of the (03:03:42) American president president on nuclear (03:03:45) war should it happen and you consider if (03:03:49) that's the same for the leaders of some (03:03:51) of these other nuclear armed Nations (03:03:54) that are you know not reliable then you (03:03:59) have another problem where you have (03:04:01) somebody actually thinking like you just (03:04:03) said like a nuclear war a nuclear strike (03:04:06) could dot dot dot instead of realizing (03:04:09) you can't ever have a nuclear war (03:04:12) because it would end in Armageddon now (03:04:15) before the Ukraine war I would have told (03:04:17) you that the president of Russia knew (03:04:20) that and would never threaten that way (03:04:24) so the nuclear threats coming from Putin (03:04:27) are so alarming to someone like (03:04:30) me but they but then again they began (03:04:33) with the US president former president (03:04:35) Trump talking that way with North so (03:04:38) we're into a dangerous rhetoric that (03:04:41) didn't (03:04:44) exist 10 years ago so the US set the (03:04:47) president (03:04:48) to bring up nuclear war I believe so and (03:04:51) now now it's spreading now it's (03:04:53) spreading and nuclear (03:04:56) threats nuclear saber rattling is so (03:05:00) dangerous because it somehow (03:05:03) minimizes um or rather it (03:05:07) maximizes the possibility (03:05:11) that right and and and that people are (03:05:13) talking about tactical nuclear (03:05:16) weapons I mean shall I like give you (03:05:19) like the do you know the difference (03:05:20) between tactical and strategic nuclear (03:05:22) weapons to listeners does go ahead (03:05:25) should I I mean in a nutshell a tactical (03:05:29) nuclear weapon is a battlefield (03:05:31) weapon it's just a bigger bomb and but (03:05:34) not just because it's nuclear we in the (03:05:38) in the Cold War we were building (03:05:40) tactical weapons like they were going (03:05:41) out of style and we've pulled back (03:05:44) entirely from that to only having this (03:05:48) leading concept of strategic n strategic (03:05:52) nuclear weapons is like a euphemism for (03:05:54) ballistic missiles and then our bombers (03:05:56) carry you know gravity bombs but the (03:06:00) tactical nuclear weapons that Putin (03:06:02) keeps threatening potential use of or (03:06:06) that he moved into bellarus recently (03:06:08) that's like such a that's like moving (03:06:10) the Red Line in the (03:06:12) Sand to a dramatic new position which is (03:06:16) saying this could be a Poss (03:06:18) ibility and I can only (03:06:21) imagine what the National Security (03:06:24) Council must be going the (03:06:26) gymnastics they must be doing to try to (03:06:29) figure out how (03:06:31) to position themselves against this kind (03:06:35) of (03:06:35) rhetoric scary scary stuff scary stuff (03:06:40) another tangent yeah why do you think (03:06:44) why do you (03:06:45) think we are seeing so much UFO activity (03:06:49) around nuclear (03:06:51) sites well I was going to (03:06:55) say what I was going to say is we're on (03:06:57) such a dark topic maybe we should talk (03:06:59) about (03:07:00) UFOs right which is which may answer (03:07:04) that question I (03:07:09) mean how do I answer this in a in in an (03:07:12) interesting informative way (03:07:15) um I mean I love narrative I love story (03:07:18) stories I love storytelling I love (03:07:22) talking um it's Comm it's how people (03:07:25) tell each other's stories to communicate (03:07:28) you have to have an interesting story to (03:07:30) be able to grab somebody's attention and (03:07:32) talk about them and UFOs are so (03:07:35) interesting the idea that these (03:07:37) spaceships would carry people from outer (03:07:41) space to us what could be more (03:07:45) interesting than that (03:07:48) so the idea of UFOs to my eye has been (03:07:53) around forever as long as man has been (03:07:57) writing history or before he was writing (03:07:59) history uh when I was writing the book (03:08:01) phenomena I interviewed jacqu Val who is (03:08:03) the sort of perhaps the world's leading (03:08:06) eup (03:08:08) ethologist and he he wrote this amazing (03:08:11) book which I have a copy of like a hard (03:08:13) cover book with beautiful illustrations (03:08:16) in it (03:08:18) that takes the reader through some of (03:08:22) the oldest images in art (03:08:25) history and jacqu has curated them all (03:08:28) to show (03:08:31) UFOs the idea of UFOs throughout (03:08:35) recorded history MH it's always been (03:08:38) there the nuclear thing is interesting I (03:08:41) do know that a theory has developed a (03:08:45) narrative around this idea that (03:08:49) you know aliens or people from outer (03:08:51) space Were Somehow concerned that we (03:08:55) invented this weapon that could end (03:08:58) civilization and they therefore came to (03:09:01) Aid or help or make themselves noticed I (03:09:05) mean it's an interesting (03:09:07) narrative it is an interesting (03:09:10) narrative all different kinds of people (03:09:13) have (03:09:14) different things to add to that (03:09:16) narrative including jacqu valet (03:09:19) including Hal put off including a lot of (03:09:20) these people who are leaders in that in (03:09:24) the field my lens of (03:09:27) UFOs comes from very specifically from (03:09:30) sources I have worked with who have a (03:09:34) different take on that who who see that (03:09:37) as part of a strategic deception (03:09:41) campaign should I give you a little more (03:09:43) detail yes please so the early book I (03:09:46) wrote the first book I wrote ER (03:09:48) 51 um is about a CIA base in the middle (03:09:52) of the Nevada desert inside the Nevada (03:09:56) test and training range where we set off (03:09:58) nuclear weapons did you know this I did (03:10:01) okay a lot I mean people know that now (03:10:02) and it's great and then that base is (03:10:04) inside an even bigger test and training (03:10:07) range where pilots fly out of (03:10:10) Nellis um but in the 50s Area 51 was (03:10:14) specifically set up by the CIA to (03:10:16) develop the U2 spy plan (03:10:18) which was this highflying aircraft (03:10:22) 70,000 ft up it (03:10:24) flew I mean in 1950 that is just nothing (03:10:28) short of a miracle it was out of the (03:10:30) range of Russian surface to air (03:10:33) missiles for Area 51 I got to interview (03:10:36) the guys who built that airplane from (03:10:39) scratch literally it did not come with (03:10:41) the manual they built it I interviewed (03:10:44) the pilots who flew it flew it over the (03:10:47) Soviet Union flew it over you know all (03:10:51) kinds of (03:10:52) places and it was so secret that (03:10:57) Eisenhower knew about it the director of (03:10:59) the CIA and the guys at Area 51 working (03:11:02) that's it that's it it was like as (03:11:05) because it needed to be secret because (03:11:06) if the Russians knew about it they'd (03:11:09) shoot it down which they ended up doing (03:11:11) with Gary Powers in 1960 so the CIA knew (03:11:15) it was inevitable that it would get shot (03:11:16) down but they were just playing with (03:11:18) fire until it did and but the point of (03:11:21) all this is when when that was flying it (03:11:24) was (03:11:25) mistaken for a UFO think about something (03:11:28) flying 70,000 ft up people didn't know (03:11:32) airplanes fly at 25,000 ft (03:11:35) is imagine you're somebody that looks up (03:11:38) and also the U2 has these incredibly (03:11:40) long wings so it just looks like a (03:11:43) flying (03:11:44) cross and the reflection of it (03:11:48) um it looks like a UFO because it's not (03:11:50) where it's supposed to be yeah I mean (03:11:52) could you even see it's 70,000 feet you (03:11:55) could tell was a cross well it just they (03:11:58) didn't know what it was yeah but the CIA (03:12:03) learned about that and it was like an oh (03:12:04) moment you know our project's going (03:12:06) to become busted open the Public's going (03:12:09) to know about it and people started (03:12:12) writing to their Congressman I have seen (03:12:13) these letters Declassified from the CIA (03:12:16) you know um (03:12:18) we're really concerned there's a UFO (03:12:20) over their state and then the CIA (03:12:24) decided to use this as part of a (03:12:25) strategic deception campaign well let's (03:12:27) Goose this idea that there are (03:12:30) UFOs because it's going to hide its (03:12:32) cover for the for the actual U2 does (03:12:35) that mean that every UFO or every UFO (03:12:38) sighting is a U2 of course not but when (03:12:41) you look at that as a fact it becomes (03:12:43) interesting in the in the narrative when (03:12:46) the C when the CIA built the follow-on (03:12:48) plane which was called the a12 oxcart so (03:12:52) did you ever see any of the X-Men movies (03:12:54) oh yeah okay so you know that plane they (03:12:56) fly I do right so that's the (03:12:58) SR71 okay that's the Air Force version (03:13:01) of it it's a two-seater the CIA (03:13:03) precursor plane which was totally secret (03:13:06) not Declassified till I don't know 20 15 (03:13:09) years ago 20 years ago um it was a (03:13:12) one-seater it had a CIA pilot in it they (03:13:15) flew it out at Area 51 (03:13:17) uh it went mock 3 something in (03:13:21) 1960 2,300 mil hour at 90,000 (03:13:27) ft okay in 1960 think of what a (03:13:30) refrigerator looked like in (03:13:31) 1960 okay so this was like technology (03:13:34) that no one could even comprehend and (03:13:36) they had to keep it secret and in my (03:13:38) interviews with Colonel Slater who was (03:13:40) in charge of the whole program he took (03:13:42) me through the exact details of like (03:13:44) people seeing the plane even in an an an (03:13:47) commercial air the example he gave me (03:13:49) was a group of people in a I think it (03:13:51) was an American Airlines flight saw the (03:13:54) oxcart as it was coming down from 90,000 (03:13:56) ft to try to land at Area (03:13:59) 51 and they and they they saw it and (03:14:04) they all thought they saw (03:14:05) UFOs and Slater told me the story and (03:14:08) showed me some documentation of the FBI (03:14:10) meeting the (03:14:11) plane in Los Angeles when it landed (03:14:14) saying (03:14:15) like you did not see a UFO you must sign (03:14:19) this disclosure paper saying you will (03:14:22) never share that you saw a (03:14:24) UFO so it built this Mystique in I mean (03:14:28) if you if if the FBI shows up and said (03:14:31) you did not see that (03:14:33) UFO who are they doing this to the (03:14:36) civilians on the American (03:14:38) Airline they have them all so the point (03:14:41) of this is the CIA would (03:14:43) use the sort of Mythology of a UFO in (03:14:47) its (03:14:48) to help cover the programs that it's (03:14:51) trying to hide so was the FBI in on it (03:14:55) the FBI was only the FBI did not know (03:14:58) good question the FBI did not know about (03:14:59) the a12 oxcart the FBI was told make all (03:15:03) those people sign those non-disclosures (03:15:05) and tell them they you didn't see a (03:15:08) UFO so then you have all these FBI (03:15:11) agents now who are prone to thinking (03:15:14) that was a (03:15:15) UFO again does it mean all (03:15:18) UFO sightings are the a12 oxcart which (03:15:20) doesn't fly anymore of course not yeah (03:15:22) but if you have that information I think (03:15:24) you can think more on (03:15:25) balance for (03:15:28) me but yeah and the deception that the (03:15:30) government's capable of and does and and (03:15:33) also when you're talking about aircraft (03:15:36) and (03:15:37) airspace it's very difficult for me to (03:15:40) accept that (03:15:42) our sacredly guarded Aerospace is (03:15:46) regularly (03:15:47) intruded by Craft that somebody at the (03:15:50) defense department doesn't know what it (03:15:52) is I just have trouble believing that (03:15:55) knowing having written the books that (03:15:57) I've written about high performance (03:16:01) aircraft but I don't even bother getting (03:16:04) into this argument with it's not an (03:16:06) argument but this discussion with the (03:16:09) people who really (03:16:12) believe you know that these (03:16:15) are UA piece the new term which I'm (03:16:19) fascinated by have you have you looked (03:16:21) into Skinwalker Ranch at all by chance I (03:16:24) mean I've interviewed all the guys who (03:16:25) are at (03:16:26) Skinwalker not all of them but many of (03:16:28) them this is before not the current (03:16:30) situation but this is (03:16:33) when owned it and the original original (03:16:37) team that was there that claimed to have (03:16:39) seen the portals and the werewolves and (03:16:41) the and by the way these are phds with (03:16:44) DARPA contracts telling me all this (03:16:48) it's just hard for my (03:16:49) brain (03:16:52) to conceptualize that other than their (03:16:57) perception which is what we were talking (03:16:58) about at break yeah yep yep yep with (03:17:01) that being said now you know now they (03:17:05) see all these radiation spikes right as (03:17:08) these uaps UFOs these phenomenons happen (03:17:12) have you looked into that at (03:17:14) all well I haven't because I would say (03:17:17) first thing would be like who's they and (03:17:19) where are these radiation Spike (03:17:21) documents coming from so when I in other (03:17:24) words when I worked with all the big low (03:17:25) the people that were at the Skinwalker (03:17:27) Ranch when it was Bigalow it was always (03:17:29) an internal situation and it was the (03:17:32) documents are Bigalow and you can't look (03:17:33) at them CU they're in his possession so (03:17:36) it seemed like a closed loop MH but I do (03:17:40) want to say and we were talking about (03:17:41) this a break the the analogy that I (03:17:43) think of that of all of this so that (03:17:46) it's clear that I'm not not just (03:17:48) dismissively self-righteous which I (03:17:50) would never want to be I'm much more (03:17:53) Curious than that but the analogy I used (03:17:56) was what I told you about hearing things (03:17:58) right like because I believe this is a (03:18:00) issue of (03:18:01) perception what you can see you know you (03:18:04) think of some people being (03:18:06) colorblind what I see is so different (03:18:09) than what they see then I think of as I (03:18:14) told you before like sometimes you know (03:18:16) we you you have like you hear a high (03:18:18) pitch frequency and maybe it's because (03:18:20) you were listening to your ear pods too (03:18:22) long or you were you know in an (03:18:25) airplane and so you suddenly say to (03:18:27) someone do you hear that because it's (03:18:29) you know you hear you actually hear (03:18:31) something is that in your brain is that (03:18:33) in your perception is that in the (03:18:35) environment perhaps when people (03:18:39) see uaps they are seeing them and others (03:18:44) aren't for me that's my current position (03:18:48) on how I think about (03:18:53) that so are you are you saying it (03:18:57) originates in the (03:18:59) mind I don't I do not have the answer (03:19:03) I'm (03:19:04) just (03:19:06) curious about what it might be because (03:19:09) and I'm also the reason why it's really (03:19:11) interesting is millions of people are (03:19:13) interested in this you we talked about (03:19:15) this before it's I mean who wants to (03:19:18) talk about nuclear Holocaust when you (03:19:21) can talk about possible aliens Among (03:19:24) Us right yeah (03:19:28) yeah but they don't have to cancel one (03:19:30) another out I mean it's an it's interest (03:19:33) what I'm I mean it's interesting because (03:19:35) now even a lot of what astrophysicists (03:19:38) are starting to say that the you know (03:19:40) the expansive universe (03:19:43) and the no matter how far out we look (03:19:51) something will be there mhm and and I (03:19:55) think what they're alluding to is that (03:19:57) our minds are creating the unseeable (03:20:01) universe yeah I mean you had said when (03:20:06) we were discussing earlier like is it (03:20:07) also have something to do (03:20:10) with people's perception of religion or (03:20:14) spirituality and what comes to mind on (03:20:16) that is one of my favorite thinker is (03:20:17) Carl Yung have you ever read any Yung I (03:20:20) haven't oh my goodness I mean he was (03:20:22) just uh he was so interested in (03:20:26) Consciousness and and in he's almost the (03:20:29) cre like the I don't want to say the (03:20:31) inventor but he did a lot of work on (03:20:34) archetypes what archetypes mean you know (03:20:37) the wizard the priest the king the Queen (03:20:41) the witch archetypes of humans and (03:20:45) symbols and (03:20:47) he wrote all about this he wrote a book (03:20:50) on UFOs and that they that UFOs were the (03:20:54) product the modern-day UFOs were the (03:20:56) product of people's fear of nuclear (03:21:01) Annihilation very interesting book but (03:21:03) Yung and po all a Nobel laureat I'm (03:21:07) forgetting his first name they were (03:21:10) friends and they would have a lot of (03:21:12) discussions about the phenomena of UFOs (03:21:16) and I write about this in my phenomena (03:21:18) book because POI had this (03:21:21) crazy quality about him that he (03:21:26) would go walk into places and somehow (03:21:30) disturb the (03:21:33) electronics okay so he was like a Nobel (03:21:35) laurat physicist wow but like cameras (03:21:38) would shut off things would fall over (03:21:42) this is documented are you serious re (03:21:44) read the book you'll love this part of (03:21:46) it and and he couldn't explain (03:21:49) why but it was known and (03:21:53) notable and so he had some kind of (03:21:55) different energy going on or however you (03:21:57) want to interpret it um but this led to (03:22:00) these discussions between Yung and (03:22:01) Paulie about whether or not ESP was real (03:22:06) because of course ESP extra sensory (03:22:08) perception and UFOs often get linked (03:22:11) together mhm and their their takeaway (03:22:15) one of their takeaways was that (03:22:17) what whenever you're talking about it or (03:22:20) thinking about it you have to think (03:22:22) about the (03:22:23) age that you are in when you are (03:22:26) thinking about it having to do with (03:22:28) technology so again diluting that down (03:22:31) it's almost like my takeaways they were (03:22:33) saying there's The Narrative of it and (03:22:36) then there's the technology that exists (03:22:38) in the present day and (03:22:41) then you can begin (03:22:43) to maybe think more deeply about the (03:22:46) whole (03:22:49) issue without getting the answer (03:22:52) yeah fascinating stuff let's let's get (03:22:56) back to nukes mhm so when you went to (03:22:59) Brussels I would like to talk about your (03:23:02) discussions there and and how you came (03:23:05) up how you came up on their radar mhm (03:23:09) actually let me let's go (03:23:11) further who were you who what was this (03:23:15) event that you were speaking at (03:23:17) it was a nuclear (03:23:20) Expo put together in Brussels the host (03:23:23) was the icrc the international committee (03:23:26) for the Red Cross the Norwegian Red (03:23:30) Cross the Belgian Red Cross and the (03:23:33) Norwegian people's AIDS there was many (03:23:37) doctors Physicians who were there as (03:23:39) well because the emphasis of the (03:23:42) Symposium was on what nuclear weapons do (03:23:46) to the human (03:23:48) body how horrific of a weapon it is not (03:23:53) just to Warf (03:23:54) fighters who are you know sign up for (03:23:58) war or are drafted into war who are (03:24:01) fighting a war hopefully away from the (03:24:04) civilian population but rather that (03:24:07) nuclear (03:24:08) weapons kill millions of civilians (03:24:12) indiscriminately and their job these (03:24:15) organizations these Aid or organizations (03:24:17) is to put the emphasis on that so that (03:24:19) they can have more people interested and (03:24:21) kind of open the open the pathway to why (03:24:25) regular people like you and me should be (03:24:27) thinking about nuclear weapons and it (03:24:29) shouldn't just be left to the military (03:24:31) or the geopolitical (03:24:33) thinkers and and and because it's in (03:24:35) Brussel the members of the European (03:24:37) Parliament (03:24:38) were were there were invited and I took (03:24:41) questions from some of them some of us (03:24:43) many of us did so these organizations (03:24:47) have been hard at work for decades on (03:24:49) this issue and they don't want it to go (03:24:52) away what were some of the most relevant (03:24:54) questions in your opinion that you were (03:24:57) asked I mean it was a day long you know (03:25:00) there were panels there were um I was (03:25:04) the keynote speaker was incredible honor (03:25:07) the other main speaker was a 80-year-old (03:25:10) woman who was a hakua I'm I'm not saying (03:25:14) the word right but that is a survivor of (03:25:17) if you're a survivor of the Nagasaki or (03:25:19) the Hiroshima bombing wow she was 80 (03:25:21) years old and she was one year and 10 (03:25:25) months old when Nagasaki destroyed her (03:25:28) City and she survived wow so that gives (03:25:31) you some context of who I was with um (03:25:35) but back up for a second because you (03:25:36) asked me how I wound up there because (03:25:38) this might be interesting I was the book (03:25:41) published in the end of March and I was (03:25:44) doing a book event at a bookstore (03:25:47) in Washington DC called politics and (03:25:49) pros and normally authors just sign (03:25:52) books and you maybe give a little talk (03:25:54) but for this event I had asked two (03:25:57) colleagues to participate one was John (03:26:00) wolfa who was the a national security (03:26:03) adviser to President Obama and the other (03:26:06) was Lieutenant General Charles Moore who (03:26:08) just retired as the deputy commander of (03:26:11) cyber command and before that he was uh (03:26:15) in the Pentagon that running the j3 (03:26:17) maybe it was the J2 um beneath you know (03:26:20) so reporting directly to the Joint (03:26:22) Chiefs and before that he was running (03:26:26) nuclear war scenarios for (03:26:28) norat and so you could say that Obama's (03:26:32) you know dis uh National Security (03:26:34) adviser was on the side of kind of (03:26:36) disarmament and you could say that (03:26:38) General Moore was on the side of (03:26:41) military nuclear command and control (03:26:43) because that's the truth so these are (03:26:45) maybe even two people people that don't (03:26:48) normally have a conversation with one (03:26:50) another yeah they might consider (03:26:52) themselves on different sides of the (03:26:55) aisle but again one of my great (03:26:58) hopefully the good kind of pride of my (03:27:00) reporting is that I talk to both I talk (03:27:03) to everybody and in fact want them at my (03:27:06) book signings to have a conversation and (03:27:08) we had this profound conversation it was (03:27:11) so (03:27:13) excellent It's on tape and there the (03:27:16) audience was filled I mean there was (03:27:18) standing room only and there were two (03:27:21) really interesting people in that (03:27:22) audience I mean everybody was (03:27:23) interesting all the questions were (03:27:25) interesting but the director of Los (03:27:27) Alamos nuclear laboratory was in the (03:27:29) current director was in the audience no (03:27:32) kidding and he came up to me as (03:27:34) afterwards and asked me if I would speak (03:27:36) at the (03:27:37) lab and I said of course and he said (03:27:40) many people at the lab designing the you (03:27:43) know nuclear future (03:27:46) don't know what's in my book they're (03:27:50) under fiveyear employees at the lab I (03:27:53) mean that's (03:27:54) astonishing super grateful for his (03:27:56) cander about that and another person um (03:28:00) that was in the audience was with NTI (03:28:02) which is a disarmament group that is (03:28:05) affiliated with the nuke Expo and I (03:28:07) think between the two of them that's how (03:28:08) I wound up at the nuke Expo so you never (03:28:11) you just show up and do your book (03:28:13) signings and you never know what can of (03:28:16) it wow wow when are you going to speak (03:28:20) it Los it hasn't been arranged yet but (03:28:22) I'm really intrigued by that and you (03:28:25) know here's another thing I know you're (03:28:27) not a big fan of Hollywood necessarily (03:28:30) right I will convert you (03:28:34) yet um I know you trained keano shooting (03:28:38) for John Wick so that's another story (03:28:41) then we roll reversal and I ask you (03:28:43) questions but so films Hollywood uh (03:28:46) Oppenheimer movie which you may or may (03:28:48) not have seen it was such a billion (03:28:51) dooll success around the world and from (03:28:54) what I understand from my sources at Los (03:28:57) Alamos it profoundly imp impacted Los (03:29:00) Alamos (03:29:02) meaning I've been reporting on nuclear (03:29:04) weapons for what 15 years now and Los (03:29:07) Alamos has always been like this with me (03:29:09) I've been there I've been to their (03:29:10) Library their archives but there they' (03:29:13) always been like this as if the (03:29:15) journalist is somehow the (03:29:20) opponent as if Joe or Jane publ is (03:29:23) somehow the opponent mhm and Oppenheimer (03:29:27) seems to have shifted that suddenly Los (03:29:31) Alamos at least the historian there (03:29:33) Glenn mcdu shared with me has gotten (03:29:36) like softer they've been in they were (03:29:38) inundated with questions about the lab (03:29:41) after the Oppenheimer film by regular (03:29:44) people wanting to know things (03:29:47) and they responded with a kind of (03:29:49) openness and transparency that if you're (03:29:51) a journalist you think is a great thing (03:29:54) and I think that effect may have also (03:29:56) carried up to the top and that's why the (03:29:58) director was at my book (03:30:00) signing as opposed to I'm excited for (03:30:04) you that's going to be really cool we're (03:30:08) kind of all on the same page when you (03:30:09) really think about it like no one should (03:30:12) be for nuclear war yeah the question is (03:30:16) should no one be for nuclear (03:30:24) weapons what are some questions I should (03:30:27) be asking you that I haven't asked (03:30:32) yet I mean I think it's just so (03:30:35) interesting that we get to have a (03:30:36) conversation when we kind of go back and (03:30:38) forth and down the rabbit holes (03:30:41) because I think that's where the more (03:30:44) interesting (03:30:46) thoughts happen you know and also the (03:30:48) takeaways you know sometimes you go away (03:30:51) from a (03:30:52) conversation a little bit changed about (03:30:56) an idea or excited to explore a new idea (03:31:00) you know also think it's interesting (03:31:02) that we have probably a number of (03:31:05) colleagues in common but since those (03:31:09) worlds are (03:31:11) classified I only know their code names (03:31:13) and you only know their code names (03:31:15) different code names (03:31:17) you might know their real name I might (03:31:18) know the code name I might know the real (03:31:20) name the code name and uh yeah that's a (03:31:24) that's just a part of living in that (03:31:26) world you know it's um it gets a little (03:31:30) confusing but how do you this is back to (03:31:33) the Eisenhower question I mean what is (03:31:35) your take on how you (03:31:37) balance you know (03:31:39) Liberty and defense and if you parse out (03:31:43) Liberty you want secur (03:31:47) you want times of Peace you don't want (03:31:49) war you know I often think about the (03:31:52) president's options you know he has (03:31:54) diplomacy that's his first option he has (03:31:57) war and then the third option is covert (03:32:01) action which you were involved in which (03:32:03) I've written about so the idea would (03:32:08) be you know to be living in a permanent (03:32:11) state of (03:32:13) diplomacy but that's not practical h M (03:32:17) how do how do you think one (03:32:19) balances Liberty and (03:32:24) security wow that's a tough tough (03:32:28) question (03:32:30) but I mean I think it's (03:32:34) definitely constantly has (03:32:37) to evolve because we gain enemies we (03:32:42) lose enemies we gain allies we lose (03:32:44) allies we I mean we just as America we (03:32:49) have so many Targets on our back and we (03:32:55) have so many enemies throughout the (03:32:58) world which (03:33:03) which with a lot of them I can't I can't (03:33:05) even blame them you know (03:33:09) I on the show we you know i' talked to (03:33:13) you this morning and we told you how (03:33:17) this podcast kind of started and it was (03:33:18) all former colleagues and and we dissect (03:33:22) I'm getting off on a tangent here but we (03:33:24) dissect you know the are we the bad guys (03:33:26) in some of these (03:33:28) scenarios and you know after after 20 (03:33:32) plus years of you know this generation's (03:33:34) war the (03:33:35) gwad should we have been in Iraq how (03:33:39) would we have acted if if if we were (03:33:43) invaded by a country (03:33:46) would we have fought against the (03:33:50) invading country and and and you know it (03:33:53) opens up a (03:33:55) really interesting discussion because a (03:33:58) lot of people think that you maybe maybe (03:34:02) we're not the good guys in all of these (03:34:04) conflicts and um (03:34:06) but back to your question security (03:34:11) diplomacy I mean you you in my opinion (03:34:15) we you have to take into to account that (03:34:16) we have a lot of enemies whether we (03:34:19) created them whether they just hate us (03:34:21) and that that doesn't that's another (03:34:24) discussion (03:34:27) but with as much as we have going on we (03:34:30) have the world currency we I mean we we (03:34:33) we we are the (03:34:36) superpower (03:34:38) and I (03:34:42) don't as much as I would (03:34:44) love to say yep we should all we should (03:34:48) get rid of our nuclear (03:34:50) warheads strive more towards peace I (03:34:53) just I don't think that's a viable (03:34:55) option (03:34:56) because we're the world's superpower we (03:34:59) have a lot of targets on our back and (03:35:01) and and we have (03:35:04) to we have to be able to show Force we (03:35:07) have to have people know you know (03:35:10) somewhat what our capabilities might be (03:35:13) uh and that there will be repercussion (03:35:16) if if they launch anything at us and (03:35:21) um as far as balancing that man it's uh (03:35:27) I don't know I haven't thought about (03:35:31) that I it's in when you say we have a (03:35:34) lot of targets on our back you know it (03:35:37) sends like a shiver up the spine because (03:35:39) it's absolutely true and when just when (03:35:42) you're thinking diplomacy is everything (03:35:46) you must always couple that with we are (03:35:49) a Target and there are enemies out there (03:35:53) I (03:35:55) wonder perhaps more than any other book (03:35:58) I've written this book has made me (03:36:01) wonder (03:36:02) about pus as a concept not political not (03:36:08) him or him as a concept the president of (03:36:11) the United States because an interesting (03:36:15) thing happens (03:36:18) when many presidents this is this speaks (03:36:21) to your point of like could we ever get (03:36:23) rid of nukes I don't know and then we (03:36:25) think of the deterrence con many (03:36:28) presidents go into office and I mean (03:36:30) many like almost all the modern off the (03:36:32) modern presidents learning a little bit (03:36:35) about nuclear weapons before their (03:36:37) debrief their presidential debrief and (03:36:39) then you hear them say things like I'm (03:36:41) going to get rid of the launch on (03:36:43) warning policy it's inexcusably Danger (03:36:46) ous so you they hear things as a as a (03:36:51) civilian and then a mysterious thing (03:36:54) happens they get into (03:36:57) office and they learn (03:37:00) something that then you never hear from (03:37:02) that you never hear talk of that again (03:37:06) and I want to know what it (03:37:09) is they hear (03:37:13) H that's a great point I mean (03:37:19) I sometimes feel like it's a metaphor (03:37:22) for that has to do with the immigration (03:37:24) crisis right and again not to politicize (03:37:26) it but (03:37:28) like I mean let's just say a baseline (03:37:31) that everyone could agree that illegal (03:37:33) immigration is a bad thing because it's (03:37:35) illegal and we are a nation of laws and (03:37:38) you want to have rule of law so that's (03:37:42) all that right but as a concept you hear (03:37:45) the same thing you hear presidents have (03:37:46) really big ideas about (03:37:49) immigration and then and they say (03:37:52) certain things they espouse certain (03:37:54) things I mean president-elect or you (03:37:55) know running for office candidates and (03:37:57) then they learn (03:38:00) something and you never hear from it (03:38:02) again and I know that that has changed a (03:38:04) little bit in in the past few years (03:38:06) because immigration has become a (03:38:07) different issue but you get the analogy (03:38:11) like what is it that (03:38:13) podus learns (03:38:16) that we the (03:38:19) people don't get to (03:38:21) know about these issues on completely (03:38:24) opposite sides of the existential threat (03:38:27) margin maybe or May right but kind of (03:38:32) exist as equal (03:38:37) threats what do they learn and why can't (03:38:40) we know that yeah what information are (03:38:42) they getting that that that changes (03:38:44) their mind maybe it's not information (03:38:47) maybe it's (03:38:50) money and I have that same thought (03:38:52) meaning whatever information they're giv (03:38:55) they're getting is perhaps a moneyed (03:38:59) piece of (03:39:00) information meaning a lot of money has (03:39:03) gone (03:39:04) into telling the president that whatever (03:39:07) that is I mean back to sorry yeah I got (03:39:12) the security versus diplomacy running (03:39:13) through my mind I mean I I think we kind (03:39:15) of (03:39:16) I kind of talked about it a little bit (03:39:18) at the beginning and I I think if you (03:39:21) want (03:39:22) to because essentially we're talking (03:39:24) about no nukes worldwide mhm starting (03:39:29) here (03:39:31) mhm I I think (03:39:36) the the only way I could see that (03:39:39) happening is by influencing the (03:39:44) military-industrial complex companies (03:39:46) with money to develop better defense (03:39:49) systems to develop the Next Generation (03:39:53) weapon maybe that is AI I don't know but (03:39:57) but you have to have something that (03:40:00) defeats nuclear (03:40:03) capabilities and or something that's (03:40:06) more powerful than a nuke to add to your (03:40:10) Arsenal that doesn't necessarily need to (03:40:12) be mass destruction maybe it's I mean (03:40:15) it's it's it's I don't know what's (03:40:17) possible and I'm not a physicist and I'm (03:40:19) not an inventor maybe we could get our (03:40:21) buddy Chris Beck on here and he'll tell (03:40:23) us but uh but you know maybe it's maybe (03:40:25) it's some type of a laser weapon from (03:40:27) space maybe who knows you know but I I (03:40:31) think that's the only (03:40:33) viable way that we could we (03:40:36) could essentially get rid of our nuclear (03:40:39) program is is by better better defense (03:40:43) systems that's that that that is Pro (03:40:46) to work and a more capable weapon system (03:40:50) that is that that you know that and so (03:40:54) what's interesting and problematic is at (03:40:58) the end of that statement which you just (03:41:01) when you're thinking that sounds then (03:41:02) you realize wait a minute now I'm caught (03:41:04) in the nuclear deter now I'm caught in (03:41:06) the military-industrial complex Loop and (03:41:08) the deterrence Loop which seems to be a (03:41:10) moneyed again a a loop that's of an an (03:41:15) Empire of money an Empire of Industry (03:41:19) wants to exist as a paradox the directed (03:41:23) The the laser weapons by the way are a (03:41:25) massive program at the defense (03:41:26) department they're called directed (03:41:28) energy (03:41:29) weapons and when I was asking about that (03:41:34) like why what makes them more (03:41:38) powerful and I got a great answer so I'm (03:41:40) just going to share it with you cuz it's (03:41:41) like it seems so hard to comprehend (03:41:43) sometimes like laser weapons but but it (03:41:45) was the inventor of the laser who shared (03:41:47) this with me Charles towns who died at (03:41:49) the age of 99 and gave me his last (03:41:51) interview at like age (03:41:53) 97 still clear as AEL and (03:41:57) speed so a laser moves at the speed of (03:42:02) light mhm so that even shortens the 33 (03:42:05) minute ballistic (03:42:07) window you could have a laser weapon on (03:42:09) the (03:42:11) moon and you're talking about less than (03:42:14) a second mhm (03:42:16) so but then you have the problem Oh (03:42:18) laser weapons aren't any kind of (03:42:20) solution for anything having to do with (03:42:22) no nukes it's just a whole different set (03:42:25) of weapons for the military industrial (03:42:28) complex to promote and build (03:42:31) and then watch the other side promote (03:42:34) and build and so you have to have new (03:42:35) systems it's the self-licking ice cream (03:42:37) cone as they call it at DARPA yeah so (03:42:41) the no nukes idea I really do think (03:42:46) exists and I'll end with you know and I (03:42:49) want to get this in because I was (03:42:51) influenced by the the nuke Expo I was (03:42:54) influenced by meeting the Physicians (03:42:57) against nuclear weapons by meeting (03:42:59) people who survived an atomic bomb and (03:43:03) by hearing them talk about how this is (03:43:06) possible to reduce nuclear weapons and (03:43:09) they use the word taboo and they and and (03:43:12) I thought that was interesting me who (03:43:14) loves narrative it just a the simple oh (03:43:17) right (03:43:19) biological weapons have become taboo no (03:43:23) one sits around and says like our (03:43:25) arsenal of Bubonic plague weapons is (03:43:27) better than Your (03:43:29) Arsenal and we need some more and we (03:43:31) need to update them and we need better (03:43:33) Delivery Systems and faster no one says (03:43:36) that they say my God a Bubonic plague (03:43:39) weapon are you (03:43:41) insane and what the (03:43:43) doctors and the humanitarians (03:43:46) are attempting to do which is a very (03:43:48) Noble effort is put (03:43:51) taboo on nuclear weapons demonstrate (03:43:56) how horrific they are to (03:43:59) people and then begin the reduction from (03:44:04) all the (03:44:06) nations and they can say ideally to zero (03:44:09) perhaps the pragmatist would say at some (03:44:12) point you okay maybe everybody keeps a (03:44:15) few is the world going to end with a few (03:44:18) nuclear weapons well certainly not with (03:44:21) the same assurity than with thousands of (03:44:24) them how do you do that how do you put (03:44:27) how do you label (03:44:29) them how do you label them taboo yeah (03:44:32) how do you start that I mean listen it (03:44:35) was a great honor to have some of these (03:44:38) people say to (03:44:40) me great job thank you for writing the (03:44:42) book you just condensed down and made (03:44:45) our our job a little bit easier which is (03:44:47) not what I intended me who was worried (03:44:50) about fear mongering in airor quotes why (03:44:52) I asked all of my sources I mean this (03:44:55) book is frightening people read it the (03:44:57) Amazon reviews are like oh my God I read (03:45:01) it in one sitting because I had to know (03:45:04) how it end how it (03:45:06) ended but (03:45:09) then on this idea of taboo and so at the (03:45:13) at the convention I met a doctor named (03:45:15) Dr Carlos (03:45:17) umana and he is part of the intern he's (03:45:20) a part of a group of Physicians that are (03:45:23) working to get rid of nuclear weapons (03:45:25) and he himself was a recipient of the (03:45:28) Nobel Peace Prize in (03:45:32) 2017 and he said to me that he and his (03:45:34) colleagues were going to meet the pope (03:45:38) on May (03:45:39) 10th and he asked me if I would inscribe (03:45:44) a copy of nuclear wor a (03:45:46) scenario for the (03:45:49) pope as a gift so the pope could read it (03:45:53) and in a condensed (03:45:55) manner understand what nuclear weapons (03:45:58) do to (03:46:00) people and writing that out was pretty (03:46:02) cool that is that's (03:46:06) incredible so you don't know what will (03:46:08) happen on your journey in life if you (03:46:11) just keep showing up yeah no (03:46:13) kidding well wow (03:46:15) wow is it has that happened May 10th (03:46:19) they meet with him but I did write the (03:46:22) inscription you know to his Holiness (03:46:26) comma Pope (03:46:28) Francis oh man that is so cool (03:46:32) congratulations that's you know I had to (03:46:35) Google that yeah what do you how do (03:46:39) you right you can't know everything I (03:46:41) didn't know how to address the pope yeah (03:46:45) yeah wow that is uh that's really cool (03:46:49) that is that is uh that's something (03:46:52) congratulations that (03:46:54) is very (03:46:57) cool well (03:46:59) Annie this is uh this has been a (03:47:03) fascinating discussion and um we were (03:47:06) going to dive into some more topics but (03:47:08) off camera uh I had expressed how much I (03:47:12) love talking to you and how much I'm (03:47:14) have how how I love this conversation (03:47:16) and I don't think it would do this (03:47:18) interview Justice (03:47:20) to try to compile some of your other (03:47:24) work into this episode and so we'll keep (03:47:26) it at nuclear war with with a little bit (03:47:29) of UFO stuff and um and I can't wait to (03:47:34) have you back thank so much looking (03:47:36) forward to that so it was an honor to (03:47:38) have you here it was an honor to be here (03:47:40) thank you what a show you have and (03:47:42) congratulations to you on the m (03:47:46) massive viewership (03:47:48) listenership getting the word out (03:47:51) helping people to realize we're all so (03:47:54) much more alike than different thank you (03:47:56) that means a lot and so I can't wait to (03:48:00) see you again your book all your social (03:48:03) everything will be linked in the (03:48:04) description so everybody go by nuclear (03:48:06) war a scenario and uh Annie I love this (03:48:11) conversation I love talking to you and (03:48:13) uh I can't wait to see you again thank (03:48:14) you (03:48:24) [Music] (03:48:28) much history economics the great works (03:48:31) of literature the meaning of the US (03:48:34) Constitution did you study these things (03:48:36) in school probably not or even if you (03:48:38) did maybe it's time for a refresher time (03:48:41) and Technology have changed a lot and (03:48:44) that's why it's important to learn the (03:48:46) fundamentals that's why I'm excited that (03:48:48) Hillsdale College is offering more than (03:48:50) 40 free online courses and the most (03:48:53) important and enduring subjects you can (03:48:55) learn about the works of CS Lewis the (03:48:57) stories of the Book of Genesis the (03:48:59) meaning of the US Constitution the rise (03:49:02) and fall of the Roman Republic or the (03:49:04) history of the ancient Christian church (03:49:07) with Hillsdale College's online courses (03:49:09) all available for free that's right free (03:49:12) I personally recommend you sign up for (03:49:14) ancient Christianity in this 11 lecture 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